Safety Report on Pipelines

Safety Report on line of merchandisesThis report is int oddityed NH3to let readers know that pipelines argon non NH4simply put into the res existencea and ignored. It exit briefly describe some of the procedures and practices that are in place today to ensure that pipelines are operating safely. The medias influence often drives a proscribe perception slightly pipelines and this report will provide a more facts-based approach to educate the reader as they draw their own conclusion on pipeline safety.BackgroundThe safest and most effective way to removeNH5 our natural petroleum NH6resources is by way of pipelines. Pipelines in Alberta have been around since the early 1900s(CEPA, 2016a). Over the ultimo few years there has been a lot of controversy over pipelines. A big factor driving this controversy is the medias methods in providing information to bulk who are often not well-educated on pipelines or their safety systems. The reality is that media outlets will often use sen sationalism to engage their audience. freshs stories about petroleum products getting safely to market or updates on companies practicing their emergency response excogitation drills are not exciting However, a rare coup doeil NH7at a company mouthing product by way of an oil spill, paired with images of coated birds-that is what the media wants to show. That fear-driven reality is what our society believes to be common.Research for this project involved tone for facts on non-biased websites. Prior to attending college, I worked in the oil gas industry educating residents in rural areas about pipelines, the systems in place to protect the public and what to do in the unlikely event of an incident. The majority of my knowledge about pipeline safety comes from AER Directive 71 Emergency Preparedness and Response Requirements for the crude oil Industry secure Centers NH9Large midstream pipeline companies operate their own ascertain centers (CEPA,2016b). These overlook centers a re operational 24/7, 365 days a year (CEPA, 2016b). Control rooms are equipped systems that collect information from the pipeline and associated facilities along the pipeline track. Some of the data that is monitored is temperature, flow rate and pressure from sensors along the route (CEPA, 2016b). If a leak is detected, alarms are triggered to indicate a possible problem.Block ValvesA block valve is defined as a mechanical valve device inst bothed in a pipeline that can be closed to block the flow of oil or gas done the line (Pipeline stand for Public Awareness, 2013). These valves are placed at various lengths along the pipeline route. If there was a leak along a section of pipeline, the block valves at either end of the leak would be closed. This would ensure only the product between those two block valve points emptying from the pipeline. Pipelines that cross rivers or creeks are equipped with block valves at both sides of the crossing that can close quickly to stop product f low (CEPA, 2016c). These block valves may be equipped with an emergency shut devour (ESD) device that can close automatically with a decrease in pressure. The closing of a block valve by ESD would send an alarm back to the control center.Cathodic ProtectionWhen a pipeline is built, laid into the ground, and covered up with soil, corrosion can happen over a period of time. Before conceal the pipeline, a protective coating is applied to the pipeline. As a back up to the protective coating, another form of safeguard is utilized called cathodic protection (Pipeline Association for Public Awareness, 2013). Through replicating an electrolytic action, additional corrosion prevention can be achieved via electrochemical processes (Pipeline Association for Public Awareness, 2013). This safeguarding helps to ensure the pipeline does not leak underground. NH10Emergency Response PlansWhile control centers, valves and protective coatings are all important to the pipelines safety systems, incid ents happen and its vital to have a plan to address issues before they occur. The Alberta Energy Regulators (AER) Directive 071 Emergency Preparedness and Response Requirements for the Petroleum Industry Section 2.1 dictates that The licensee must(prenominal) have a corporate train ERP with preplanned procedures that will aid in effective response to an emergency. (2017, p. 12).Aerial SurveillanceNH11A quick way to conduct a visual of a pipeline flop of way is by use of aircraft. Great distances can be covered in a short amount of time. Depending on the product in the pipeline and classification of pipeline, that will depict how often aerial surveillance will have to occurNH12. While conducting this patrol, the pilot or spotter is looking for any apparent signs of a possible leak, such as a sheen on the water or dead vegetationNH13. Spotters also look for encroachments to the pipeline NH14or any body process near or on the pipeline right of way.Training ExercisesCompanies opera ting pipelines in Alberta mustNH15 conduct annual training exercises (Alberta Energy Regulator, 2017). Oil companies must canvass its emergency response plans annually with a tabletop or communications exercise (Alberta Energy Regulator, 2017). Every three years a major exercise must be conducted. In this exercise, resources are usually deployed to the field in a mock incident (Alberta Energy Regulator, 2017). NH16Spill Response CooperativeIn western Canada, a spill response cooperative was established. The name of this cooperative is Western Canadian Spill Services. The cooperative owns equipment that can be deployed to a spill. The equipment is strategically placed throughout western Canada in ready to go trailers. Some of the equipment in the trailers includes booms, skimmers, and wildlife deterrents (Western Canadian Spill Services, 2017). In addition to this equipment the cooperative also owns barges and airboats (Western Canadian Spill Services, 2017). The spill cooperative h olds training exercises with its members to ensure a quick response to the spill and to stop further environmental impacts as a result of a spill. though it is not mandatory for companies to join the spill cooperative, the AER highly recommends it (Western Canadian Spill Services, 2017). If a company wants to opt out of the cooperative, under AER Directive 071, Section 10.3.1., they will have to provide their own spill response plan to the AER for their approval (Alberta Energy Regulator, 2017).Conclusion From my years working in the oil and gas industry, and from my look into for this project, I feel pipelines are still the safest way to move petroleum products. There are approximately 3.4 million barrels NH17of oil moved through pipelines daily in Canada (CEPA,2016d). Between the years of 2002 and 2015, 99.999% of all product (crude and natural gas) was safely transported via pipelines (CEPA,2016d). With the safety protocols that were briefly discussed in this report, the oil and gas industry whole works hard to ensure that there are no pipeline leaks. These practices, coupled with the regulations, ensure pipeline spills are a rare occurrence.NH19Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA). (2016d). About pipelines. Retried from https//www.aboutpipelines.com/en/pipeline-101/pipeline-facts/Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA). (2016c). Environmental protection. Retrievedfrom https//www.aboutpipelines.com/en/environmental-protection/water/Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA). (2016b). Pipeline control rooms and safety.Retrieved from https//www.aboutpipelines.com/en/blog/pipeline-control-rooms-and-safety/Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA). (2016a). Pipeline history. Retrieved fromhttps//www.aboutpipelines.com/en/pipeline-101/pipeline-history/Government of AlbertaNH20. (2015). Pipeline Act Pipeline Rules. Queens Printer.Pipeline Association for Public Awareness. (2013). Glossary of terms. Retrieved fromhttp//www.pipelineawareness.org/res idents-businesses/glossary/Western Canadian Spill Services. (2017). The WCSS Purpose. Retrieved fromhttp//wcss.ab.ca/index.aspNH1I changed your font to Calibri because I have a personal hatred for Times New Roman LOL you can change it back if you want.NH2Main headings are centered and bold.NH3Too passive, so I changed itNH4Never use the word just. Ever.NH5Move or remove? MOVENH6Added petroleum because all I could think about was giant ass trees being fed into a pipeline for transport.NH7I took some liberties with your wording hope thats okay I utilise track changes, so just decline anything you dont like, or if I misinterpreted it. YOURE THE BEST SWEETIENH8Can that part be deleted? YUPNH9Secondary headings are left-adjust, and bold.NH10Yiiiiiikes, what was all that? The rest of your paper is not quite this scientific so it kind of stands out like a sore thumb, I took a stab at summarizing what those deleted sentences were saying. But thats too oftentimes detail for your paper, I thinkNH11You have no references for this section PIPELINE ACTNH12Pretty specific to leave without a acknowledgement.NH13These specifics need a citation. THIS WAS MY KNOWLEDGENH14Again, citation required. THIS WAS MY KNOWLEDGENH15This sentence indicates an obligation, thus needs a citation. Is it AER Dir 071? YES D71 14.10NH16I think youre implying that the training exercises are a requirement of the Dir. 071 so I cited that.NH17Facts need citation. Always https//www.aboutpipelines.com/en/pipeline-101/pipeline-facts/NH18This always goes onto its own page.NH19Make sure none of your hyperlinks are active when you submit your page. Thats a no-no.NH20This doesnt show up in your paper anywhere? THE AERIAL supervision