Racism Without Racists By Eduardo Bonilla Slave - 849 Words

As an international student from China, I did not experience serious discrimination as black people did; I did not feel strong oppression as LGBT group did; however, I was indeed treated in a different way, which was racist and discriminated. When I read the materials from class, I felt I had experienced the exactly same thing in my life. Segregation, which was written by Eduardo Bonilla-Slave in his book: Racism without Racists, still happened today in my life; marginalization and powerlessness, which were proposed by Iris Young in her book: Five Faces of Oppression, were common problem for all Chinese nonimmigrants. Nonimmigrants were not equal to illegal residents. Nonimmigrants meant those who held Visas while studying or working in the U.S. Nonimmigrants had the chances to apply for United States Permanent Resident Cards and then applied for United States citizenships to become Chinese Americans. 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Personality, Lifestyle and Self-Concept Assignment

Essays on Personality, Lifestyle and Self-Concept Assignment The paper "Personality, Lifestyle, and Self-Concept" is a wonderful example of an assignment on social science. Personality is a composite concept of an individual’s psychological character, traits, habits, attitudes, motives, beliefs, and outlook that define the character of an individual. The personality of an individual dictates consumer behavior in defining interests and satisfaction. The personality of one individual is different from others, and this explains why consumer behavior is different and dynamic among different consumers. Personality drives towards how we think and evaluate ourselves. This defines the self-concept of an individual. The consumer's perception and thoughts on a product determine if or not to consume. Personality and self-concept are the main determinants of consumer behavior. Modern changes in trends and lifestyle dictate the level of self-concept and personality. Socialization and the need to fit in modern society are the key causes of the rising dynamics in modern consumer behavior. An individual’s personality and sense of self determine the interests and values of consumption. This is due to the assessment of the status with respect to the human and social dimensions and in the social roles that one enacts (Milne, Labrecque Romer 2009).Modern consumption is an aggregate of social interaction act and bonding. Social groups play a critical role in determining modern consumer behavior. This includes the primary groups into which one socializes with. Such groups as guidelines towards social norms of consumption and are considered essential. Reference groups are also said to influence consumer behavior. Such groups are used as points of reference by consumers in determining the accepted standards of behavior. Consumers develop stronger self-brand connections when there is a strong comparative association between a reference group, the product, and the self-concept. Personality and self-concept have been classified as u nique concepts that describe modern consumption. The concepts are shaped to social environments, motivations, resources, innate personal traits by the modern consumer. Modern consumers possess distinct, self-concepts and images of who they are, their social roles and status, and the positions they occupy in the society. This explains the diversities in the modern patterns of consumer behavior. The element of personality and self-concept is not constant (Jacoby, Johar Morrin 2011).The assumption in consumer trends and behavior is that everyone has the capability to choose what to purchase. The decision on what to purchase is sometimes limited to the income levels and the cultural beliefs that contribute to personality. Consumers are known to adjust their trends based on their individual needs and other interpersonal factors. According to psychologists, individuals develop their consumption concepts on the basis of observation and comparisons to their own self-concept.

Current Strategy free essay sample

INTODUCTION BACKGROUNDSainsbury is a UK based company whose core operation is retail business in food and non-food products and services. It is one of Britains largest retailer shop that deals in food and wine.Founded in 1869 by John James Sainsbury.Has 141,000 employees and has a sales of 23.2 billion pounds sterling.Sainsbury has continued to build more retailing businesses which has profited them (Company History). Their grocery business had a return growth in 2016/17, with a turnover of 0.3% higher in the year ended March 2017.The sales were 0.6% lower and driven down by the lower sales in the supermarkets, which was the bulk account for the company, s store-based sales.It was a good performance done by the online side of the business in which the sales grew by 8.2%.Sainsburys has also been losing shares in the recent years and sales have gradually been shifting from store to online. It does not have many larger stores compared to Tesco and ASDA and makes it less affected by the switch back to doing smaller shopping in convenient outlets (Mintel, 2018)LITERARTURE REVIEWMETHODOLOGYAccording to (Sainsbury)there are five pillars that helps with their business stsratefgy Their value makes them differentTheir values helps strengthen the relationshis with their customers, suppliers,collegues and also making commercial sense. They are committed to their suppliers and take responsibility for the communities which encourages them to be more innovative. Sainsburys sustainanbility plan focuses on where they can make the most positive impact.Colleaugues making the differenceSainsbury encourages their colleagues to expnd their skills through taking initiatives and motivating female colleagues.They were also awarded three Gold accreditation by Ivestors in people for supporting and motivating their colleagues.They make their products and services great at a fair priceThey make their food affordable for everyone. They are also building banking business to suit customer future needs. This focuses on the quality, provenance and sustainability that reassures customers that they made the right decision.The acquisition of Habitat and Argos helped speedup their strategy. Sainsbury created multi-products, multi –channel business with a fast delivery process.They are there for their customersSainsbury has made online shopping for flexible for their customers, expanding their convience store network and supermarket. With help od Argos and Habitat, customers are served quickly whenever and wherever they want to shop. They opened 60 argos didgital stores in Sainsburys markets and are planning to open 200 more.They know their customers better than anyone elseSainsbury understand their customer and do everything they can to please their customers and make sure they are satisfied with their services. They have face-to-face, telephone and online conversations to listen to the views and feedback of their customers. This gives them ideas of the the customers value and how they can serve them better. The better they know theirs, the more they can prvide them with new products and better service..Strategy(UK essays.According to (UK essay), Sainsbury works in partnership with their key stakeholders, including Government, NGOs as well as their collegues and customers to help fibd solutions. They involve the stakeholders to make sure they undertand the issues at hand. They conduct research that helps identify customers concerns. Sainsbury review issues that can harm harm the businesss ans set a contingency plan to prevent such issues. They report the process to those in charge.They also ensure that future challenges are addressed and try to find solutionsTargetsThey are focused on having committed custoomers. Making them review tprevious targets and activity. Figuring out a way to improve their services.They implement strategies that help improve their business. The company relies on 150,000 colleahues to help deliver great services to their customers every single day. They focus on diversity, equality, inclusion and flexible working patterns for their colleagues. They believe and encourage their collegues.Their colegues are motivated because their opinions are vakued and heard.They also believe in rewarding their colleagues when a good job has been done.This makes their workers work extra hard to be noticed.3. 0 SAINSBURY MARKETING ANALYSIS3.1Sainsbury Pestle Analysis(uk essays)Political factorsPolitical factors have a big influence on Sainsbury.It being one of UK largest retail industry market. As the government debts are very high. This has an impact on the attitudes of the customers and therefore putting pressure on the business. Meaning Sainsbury has to develop their business continually.But they have been able to susteain a steady growth because of their fair prices and great product quality. Economic factorsThis plays a major role to the industry. They affect demand, supply, cost and profitability. The unemployment rae and the inflation in food prices have a major effect on Sainsbury. The demand for Sainsbury product will decrease bwhich will decrease their profits and slso decrease the production of food produce.Futhermore, increasing food prices and affecting those who cant afford to purchase.In order to prevent this, they expand their market.Social factorsSainsbury has really benefited from from introducing non-food products also. They have focused on diversity and increased the female work force.They have been able to provide their customers needs with all type of products.Technological factorsSainsbury online business had made a positive impact on the business. These online operations helps the company to expand their capacity in areas of potential growing demands. As at 2009, sales has increased by 25% year after year from the services offered online. This service is available to 88% of the UK households.3. 2 Sainsbury SWOT AnalysisStrengthHigh Inventory Turnover Ratio. Sainsbury reported to have a high inventory turnover ratio of 22.6 compared to the previous year. Their inventory turnover was higher than its competititors, giving them a competitive advantage. The company took 16 days to sale its ivnetory as compared to 89 days by Home Retail. By reducing the inventory turnover days and increasing the inventory turnover, the company was able to reduce their carrying cost that help improve the performance.Multiple Channels Selling StrategySainsbury has lots of convience stores, supermarket ans online business formats. The company has 1,304 stores with the retail space of 22.8 miilion square feet, also 597 supermarkets with retail space of 21.2 million square feet and 707 convience stores with a space of 1.6 million square feet.They also have an advantage in brands awareness.WeaknessesDeclining Financial PerformanceIn the year 2015, Sainsbury revenue dectreased to 23,775 milion pounds sterling as compared to the previous year which was 23, 949 million pounds sterling. Having an annual deciline od 0. 7 %. This was due to the reduction of sales by 2% in 2015. The decline in the retail sales was due to 1.9% decrease in like-for-like retail sales. In 2015, J Sainsbury reported operating income of 81 million pounds sterling as compared to 1,009 million pounds sterling in 2014. The decline in the operating income was due to increase in the selling and administrative expenses from 444 million pounds sterling in 2014 to 1,132 million pounds sterling in 2015.It reported net loss of 166 million in 2015 as compared to net income of 716 million pounds sterling in 2014(J. Sainsbury, 2016). Sainsbury did not fully use the opportunity to ggrow nad maintain a lead in the market share. Tjey took long to make new changes and develop strategies. They also had issues with the inventory management and supplychain amangement which suffered them a loss. They havent invested enough in China because they did not understand how the operating environment work (Writepass).OpportunitiesGrowth of E-commerce in the UKThe company focuses on strengthening the presence of e-commerce to increase its revenue. The online retail marjet in the UK is expected to grow at CAGR of 8. 7% during the year 2013-2018 ,despite the economic condition, reaching a sales of 55,280.3 million pounds sterling according to in-house research.The company has taken initiatives to strengthen its online busibess. The company introduced a clotheing website for its clothing brand and had a digital magazine sevice that made its customers access more than 1,000 titles online. This gave them an advantage over its competitiors.Expanding Retail Market in the UKSainsbury has greater advantage over its competitors by expanding the retail market. The company invest 947miilions pounds sterling for opening new stores and renovating the existing ones. 101 stores were opened including 96 convinece stores and five supermarkets . They estabilished 15 Netto stores in the UK in 2015. It was also announce that in 2016, 15 new Netto stores would be opened. Expanding Sainsbury business in the UKThreatsExpansion by CompetitorsCompetirors has always been an issue for companies especially is their rivals are producing the same producets as the company and has better resources and good management. Sainsbury faces fierce competition form bith the international and domestic companies in the retail industry. Too much competition sometimes forves the company to reduces its selling price and also incease their product differentiation which also increases production cost.Tesco, ASDA and Lidl are major competitiors for Sainsbury. Tesco opened a bakery business which made it have an advantage over Sainsbury. Also Lidl opened new stores to expand its business in the retail industry. Looking at the Market Share, Tesco and ASDA comes before Sainsbury(J.Sainsbury, 2016) Food Contamination.Food security is also a major issue in the food industry. If the food produce are not well stored, they can be contaminated. Foods that are not well pacajged or well sealed, are prone to bacteria. Especially when the food is imported like poultry or livestock. These food can easily be contaminated if there is an outbreak. Diseases such Avian Influenza and swine flu can affect pork. And some customer who arent aware will buy the products and start to feel ill which eads ro food poisoning or an upset stomach.This can tarnish the repuatation of the company. They can also lose customers from this incident.Competitive rivalryThe market share of food market in the United Kingdom is concentrated. It is dominated by 4 major players namely Tesco Plc, Sainsbury, Safeway and ASDA with a combined market share of 70%.As per the annual report of 2009, Sainsbury has a national market share of 16% and its web based shopping service captures 88% of UK households.Tesco Plc and ASDA Group Limited are the 2 major competitors of Sainsbury in the United Kingdom. Sainsburys competitors have certain competitive advantage such as focus on price and value and quality service.The competitive advantage of Sainsbury has been increasing attention to quality within their own-brand products and competitive prices.Barriers of entryThe food retail industry in the United Kingdom has significant barriers of entry.As the target food market in the country is huge, the foremost issue for a new entrant is the large scale of investment required to enter and face the competition from established key players like Sainsbury, Tesco, Safeway, etc. The established competitors not only pose tough competition to new entrants in terms of market share but also have their own branded products. A new entrant would have to invest substantial time and financial resources to develop and promote its branded products.Threats of substitutesThe threat of substitutes being available in UKs food market is not a dominant issue. Unlike other products, food products come under the category of necessity. Therefore the demand for food products is ever-growing as the market evolves.Although there is an inherent internal threat such as a presence of another supermarket in the same demographic limits, the competitors are constantly bringing in innovative ideas and ways to make food shopping a pleasurable experience. A good example is the internet based shopping service provided by Sainsbury which allows 88% of the UK household customers to shop conveniently at the click of the mouse. Power of buyersIn a competitive retail food market in the United Kingdom, the power of buyers plays a very significant role. The power of buyers can determine the prices of products, the market share allocation, customer loyalty, etc.For instance if the price of milk which is a necessity product, is high in Safeway, the customers will switch to Sainsbury. As there are several supermarkets in the region, the bargaining power of the customers is very strong and the customer loyalty is very volatile.Sainsbury should constantly assess its prices and benchmark it against the main competitors prices in order to be competitive in the market.Power of sellersThe power of sellers refers to the demand of the suppliers that the retailers and the supermarkets should pay a definite price for their goods. If the retailers are reluctant to pay the price demanded by the suppliers, the products will not available for resale. This in turn will affect their customer service as the retailers will not be well-equipped to provide a wide range of products to its customers.Being a large chain of supermarkets and convenience stores, Sainsbury has an added advantage of determining the terms and prices of products from their suppliers. In addition Sainsbury has a large base of its own branded products therefore Sainsbury sho uld focus on developing marketing strategies to expand their client base and demand for their own products.CONCLUSION ; RECOMMENDATION

Our Networked Lives, Publishing and Semantic Technologies

Our Networked Lives, Publishing and Semantic Technologies Shrunk in our mobile devices, today’s interconnected global village is bringing exciting changes on many fronts, the transformation of the way we handle information being the most dramatic one.The swelling amounts of data produced every day propel the rise of a new breed of publishers, ones who strive to adapt to the rapid social change and find the most appropriate structures and processes to enable content creation, publishing and distribution in a world of constant connectivity where data never sleeps. Publishing in a World of DataJust like by 1500 Europe saw the printing of more than 200 million books thanks to Guttenbergs technological breakthrough, the spread of digital, networked and mobile technologies is now resulting in ever-larger volumes of heterogeneous data streams across platforms. environments and devices.For yet another time, the way we produce, consume and disseminate information is transforming, bringing significant changes for the society. Looking at the world around us, BBC’s report The Future of News outlines three major transformations:1. Being connected With even better connectivity, people may expect news to find them, not the other way around. They will be able to get news from their own networks whenever they want to and there will be many ways to access it.2. Content everywhere Smaller and more powerful devices and wearable technology – phones, cameras, screens – will allow people both to create and consume high quality content more easily and more cheaply. News organizations will have big opportunities to innovate in digital content, from virtual reality computer 3D simulations to ‘robojournalism’ – stories written by specially programmed software. People will watch more video, as connectivity, screens and user interfaces get better.3. Using data The challenge of using data effectively will be central whether that means data about how our content is being consumed, making wide use of data sources in our journalism or managing and structuring the data around our own content.In such a dynamic environment marked by ubiquitous data, connectivity and content, staying ahead of the game means being able to make the best use of content resources and to also manage them dynamically to meet the ever-changing needs of the audiences for information and entertainment.Having taken the leap from paper to pixels, publishers now have to implement the right processes and technologies as to handle data effectively and use it to design interactive experiences for truly engaged readers.Semantic Technologies and Our Web-like ExistenceElectronic media has incrementally woven its thread into the fabrics of how we discover and transmit information and knowledge. This made the task of a publisher more challenging. Rich, absorbing stories, news, reports, insightful researches, scientific materials and all the other stocks of trade of publishing now heavily depend on the ability of a publisher to handle data in an interconnected way, allowing for the many permutations of content.A story is no longer confined between bookends, but can coexist in a cloud of endless narratives. Suddenly the device becomes an interactive window for multitudes of content.cit. Digital Publishing in an Age of Convergence Series: Innovation in Context, Lauren SozioInevitably, traditional databases and tools aren’t capable of keeping up with the dynamics and intensity of data currents that make for a thorough, valuable, something more, reusable and platform-agnostic publication.Why?Simply put, because, designed for data that fits a predetermined schema, they aren’t flexible enough for complex data modeling and cannot fit the huge, constantly changing amount of heterogeneous, unstructured data all around us. It is through Semantic Technology that publishers are empowered to meet the growing need of the reader to know, understand and learn more, to get a 360-degree view of the world around them. As it is semantics that can offer cost-effective managing of multiple interconnections that evolve with time. It is semantics that by default has the potential to map the web-like structures of our existence.Semantics and the Art of Maintaining Content In broad strokes, semantics is what makes possible to enrich resources with additional information (metadata), attaching machine-processable and readable meaning to them.  In other words, Semantic Technology is a way of harnessing data and a smart means to navigate the ocean of information signals and noise. Semantic Technology helps organizations transform the way meaning is identified across diverse databases and massive amounts of unstructured data and also turn internal and external data into knowledge and value. Click To TweetBy attaching additional data to content and linking the resulting data pieces, a publisher creates a rich ecosystem of dynamically interconnected content objects (e.g., text, video, tags, concepts, terms).In an age of information overload and minimum attention span, delivering accurate, filtered and well-structured information is vital. Producing and managing not just content, but semantically enriched smart content, allows publishers to better source, represent and make sense of large volumes of data.Semantically enriched content assets such as text, video, audio, graphics also mean data that is interlinked and connected as to meet the needs of different platforms, devices and users. Linked Data for Richer ExperiencesLinked data, that is interconnected machine-readable and processable information, improve content creation and consumption. Readers are served the content they need and publishers are in charge of creating content in an efficient and future-proof way. Seamlessly connecting people, places and ideas, metadata not only makes for richer stories and accurate information but also opens opportunities for personalization and context for readers, combined with reduced the time and costs of†¦ Click To TweetIn a word, a win-win situation for audiences, publishers and advertisers alike.Providing a universal framework to describe and link data, Semantic Technology seems to perfectly suit our networked lives and the symphony of our interconnected existence. This is not a coincidence.At the very inception of the web (it started as a means for sharing links to documents), Sir Tim-Berners Lee knew semantics was what would make the Web a powerful means for interaction, collaboration and knowledge sharing. Now, the time has come for the publishing industry to align its processes and structures to the fact that knowledge is in the content assets of the best semantic datasets holders.Want to learn how to use Semantic Technology to enhance content creation, distribution and maintenance in a world of interconnected data?

Australian Politics essays

Australian Politics essays 1.A shift to a republic would be in Australia's best interests. There have been a series of debates on the actual future of the Australian state. On the one hand, there are some who suggest that Australia would have a better future as an independent and sovereign republic; on the other hand, the current status as part of the Commonwealth is considered to be a better option for the nation and the state. However, serious attempts have been made and discussions are underway for what would the government consider to be by 2020 the Australian state and an Australian head of state (BBC, 2008). In order to have a better assessment of this issue, there are several aspects to be taken into consideration which support the idea of an Australian republic and an Australian head of state rather than an overall monarchical rule. First, todays reality is one of independent and sovereign state, not one of former empires. As stated by the foreign Minister, a split from the British monarchy was inevitable. (BBC, 2008) It is not so much the mere fact that Australia is formally still entrenched in the remains of an empire which seized to exist decades ago. It is more the issue of modernity and of the role Australia came to play in the world in recent decades. In this sense, it is one of the most important countries in the Asia Pacific region and should therefore have a defining and sovereign head of state in order to allow the country to run its affairs independently from any outside force. Second, there is also the matter of the national identity worldwide. In this sense, there are voices suggesting that the Australian state, due to the fact that it has always been associated with the image of the British Empire does not have a national identity, one that could be constructed and built upon in the decades and centuries to come. More precisely, these voices suggest that the maintenance of the monarchical rule can da...

Fairest by Gail Carson Levine Notes Essays

Fairest by Gail Carson Levine Notes Essays Fairest by Gail Carson Levine Notes Paper Fairest by Gail Carson Levine Notes Paper In front of my face when guests arrived, foolish practice, because It raised curiosity and concealed little. This part reminded me of myself because I have stupid habits. Also, I felt sad that AZ would think that she would have to hide herself or feel ashamed about what she looked like. 87 She was our ruler now! Everyone in the room and those outside knelt and swore their loyalty. I knelt, too, and she swayed against my shoulder. How could she rule? She didnt know Oratory. How frightened and grief stricken Id be in her place. This makes me feel angry but sorrow because Vii wasnt fit to be the queen, she didnt know how to rule so it wasnt fair that the country was put In such bad hands. But, I feel bad for her because she was scared to have to rule the kingdom. Also, she didnt deserve the king because she didnt love him; she Just wanted him to love her. 9-100 In Amount, at the Featherbed Inn, Where I once lived, my mother rakes up the fire. My father wakes the cook, who cannot cook today. Cream curdles; milk sours; eggs break; onions rot. My father and my mother put down their forks. In his castle, the king swallows enough but air. His life has narrowed, but his thread winds on. Should the king come to Amount, eyes wide, legs hale, mouth full of words . .. Cakes would bake themselves, mares s hoe themselves, roads pave themselves. My mother would don her damask gown. And I would sing until the sun cheered and the inn dissolved in music. : This song shows me that AZ really cares about the king and hopes he gets teeter and about Amount, the Featherbed Inn, and her family because when she put them into her song not only did it express her love, but also her sorrow. Thought this makes me wonder if everyones song were somewhat like this or if Seas was one of a kind and how Queen lavas song went and the reactions of the people at the sing. 316 At the sing I sat next to Koori, with Coho slating at attention between us. King Oscar and VII entered. The king seated himself next to me and placed VII on his other side. I tightened my grip on Coirs hand. This shows me that the king had forgiven AZ and anted to show her that and that he would keep Vii under control. Also, when AZ grabbed Coirs hand that she knew he would protect her and she would be safe with him and she loved Koori. Title: Fairest Author: Gail Carson Levine I developed the habit of holding my hand in front of my face when guests arrived, foolish practice, because it raised curiosity and concealed little. This part reminded know how to rule so it wasnt fair that the country was put in such bad hands. But, I feel bad for her because she was scared to have to rule the kingdom. Also, she didnt serve the king because she didnt love him; she Just wanted him to love her. 99-100 king come to Amount, eyes wide, legs hale, mouth full of words Cakes would bake kind and how Queen Aviss song went and the reactions of the people at the sing. 316 At the sing I sat next to Koori, with Coho sitting at attention between us. King Oscar and Vii entered. The king seated himself next to me and placed Vii on his other side. I tightened my grip on Coirs hand. This shows me that the king had forgiven AZ and grabbed Coirs hand that she knew he would protect her and she would be safe with him and she loved Koori.

In what ways do legal responsibility and professional accountability Dissertation

In what ways do legal responsibility and professional accountability differ Be sure to cite current literature in response - Dissertation Example 134). Accountability is described by Daniels (2004) as the act of assuming responsibility for one’s actions, which is an important method to demonstrate commitment to quality client care, thus being accountable for their judgments, decisions, and actions (p. 287). The accountability of a nurse goes beyond the client, and includes the family, colleagues, and the public. Because of the field’s organization, a nurse’s accountability depends upon the hierarchical structure he or she belongs to and the situation itself. Although nursing standards are not law, they possess important legal significance (Springhouse Corporation, 2004, p. 33), thus rendering nurses legal responsibilities. For instance, when a nurse fails to act according to set standards and thus harm the patient, the nurse can be involved in a lawsuit. Once proven that there is neglect or malpractice on the side of the nurse, then he or she is charged according to law. Conclusion The nursing profession n ecessitates both accountability and responsibility, wherein being accountable equates being responsible for one’s actions, and responsibility is congruent to the rightful practice of nursing standards. The two are interrelated and affect each other.

Discuss the arguments justifying torture as a legitimate Essay

Discuss the arguments justifying torture as a legitimate counter-terror strategy and the implications of legitimizing state-sponsored programmes of torture - Essay Example The collective costs of terrorism include its destabilization of governments, civil societies, peace and security as well as its threat to socio-economic development of the affected zones and the entire global society; these collective costs also undermine the stability of human rights. Given that individuals are entitled to security as a fundamental human right and governments are obligated to assure the security of their citizenry, states around the world have consequently adopted significant measures to safeguard their nationals against the insecurity threat posed by terrorism (Piazza & Walsh 2010, p.407). Nonetheless, developments in the recent past including the pervasiveness of global terrorism and the fast changing nature and scope of terrorism have compelled governments to adopt stringent measures as counter-terrorism strategies, consequently undermining human rights and the rule of law (Foot 2007, p.489). Most if not all states are increasingly resorting to the use of tortur e and other ill-treatment as their counter-terrorism strategy while disregarding the legal institutional safeguards designed to prevent torture. Similarly, other states have undermined the global commitment to avoidance of torture and handed over terror suspects to the countries where they are highly susceptible to torture as well as other human rights abuses. The fight against global terrorism has been mired with both pro and anti-torture arguments all over the world, with the opponents of the use of torture as a counter-terrorism strategy claiming that such an approach is counterproductive since it undermines the rule of law, good governance and human rights. In that reservists have often argued that the war on terror should be tampered with respect for human rights as well as the rule of law respectively, through the establishment of counter-terrorism strategies that both

Federal Reserve and the Great Recession Research Paper

Federal Reserve and the Great Recession - Research Paper Example One of the major causes of the Great Recession was the bursting of the housing bubble. Being a regulator of the monetary system, the Federal Reserve could have seen a crisis coming. The major cause of the housing bubble bursting was that the Fed opted to expand their monetary policy; though the regulation was effectively done, this policy was a contributor to the problem. The Federal Reserve might have bowed to the pressure from the government to have the implementation of the housing policy be implemented. It happened that the dot-com crash was followed by a substantial increase in the printing press that resulted in an increase in the monetary base. Additionally, there was a great cut in the federal funds by Greenspan (from 5.6% in 2001 to 1% in 2003). These factors contributed to an increase in the housing among other investments that utilize huge amounts of capital. The Fed could have intervened at this point and develop a regulatory mechanism to prevent the situation from escala ting to the financial crisis and ultimately the Great Recession. The Federal Reserve failed to develop adequate measures that would deal with the insolvency. Two institutions at the center of the Great Recession, Lehman Brothers, and Washington Mutual became insolvent resulting in their collapse. The Fed made a miscalculated attempt to go ahead and support these institutions instead of giving them a chance to fail, the outcome would have been an increase in the amount of savings as well as investments.

Strategic business management and planning

Strategic business management and planning 1. Introduction: Easy jet is the leading cheapest flight service company in European Airline Companies. The mission of the company is â€Å"to offer Low cost airline service to the masses†. Easyjet was established by Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou   in 1995 .Easy jet is the fourth leading European airline, the UKs leading budget airline and one that contests the ‘number two LCC in Europe. Easyjet board had been disagreement of extension with his creator sir stellios since last two years (daily mail 2010). Newly joined(2010,July 14th ) chief executive Carolyn McCall with aid of easy jet chairman sir mike rake made a deal with brand licensing (daily mail 2010). She is very fresh for airline industry. Now I am going to critically evaluate how she is going to face future challenges ahead of her. Source: Map of the destination points www.easyjet.com 1. a) Strategy: in art of war book sun Tzu giving answer for what is strategy? A way of thinking; an aware and deliberate process; a concentrated implementation technique; the art of ensuring future success. According to Mintzberg H., (1994)† Strategy is a unified, comprehensive, and integrated plan and designed to ensure that the basic objectives of the enterprise are achieved†. A strategy or general plan of action might be formulated for broad, long-term, corporate goals and objectives, for more specific business unit goals and objectives. Easy jet believes that people make the difference. Its through the efforts of all our people to deliver our four strategic priorities such as Safety is our No.1 priority, Build Europes No.1 air transport network, Develop a winning customer proposition, Deliver low cost and maximise margins that we will realise our vision: to become the best low fares airline in the world.(Easyjet 2009) 1. b) Strategic Business planning: Strategic business planning serves to bridge the gap between development goals and planning for implementation of specific tactical measure. Internationalization: Welch and Luostarinen (1988), defined as ‘the process of increasing involvement in international markets. Internationalization and strategic management: Welch and Welch (1996) have tried to develop a longitudinal theoretical model to identify the interrelationships between the two flows of international business inquiry, that is,They give meaning of ‘strategic foundations (knowledge, skills and experience, networks, etc.) of the enterprise and its external environment, and identify planned and unplanned routes to internationalization, with networking important in both. They conclude by calling for ‘empirical studies that specifically focus on strategy and internationalization Process interconnections (Welch and Welch, 1996: 25). Bell et al (1998): Internationalization and Business Strategy EasyJet have influenced by both internal and external environment in any strong grow stage. Internal environment: decision-maker characteristics has more influence in easyjet. We can say particularly sir stellos founder of easyjet and who has 38% share in easyjet. He had been last two years dispute with easy jet board for expansion of easy jet. (Thisismoney,2010).he has no problem with strategy of easy jet. EasyJet announced that it had agreed to purchase the entire share capital of GB Airways from the Bland Group. The deal was worth  £103.5 million and was used to expand EasyJet operations at London Gatwick Airport (anna.euro,2007) Easyjet has grown internationally acquiring GB airways on 25 october 2007. Sir stellos not happy with board accounting policy. He didnt like approach of board single cash generating unit. He insisted to be a he macro-economic climate to benefit of all shareholder.(abtn 2009) â€Å"EasyJet had reached an agreement on the pace of growth with Sir Stelios after he had questioned the strategy. The LCC now plans to increase future capacity by 7.5% per annum, following yearly increases of 15% from 2005 to 2008 and will increase its fleet to 207 aircraft by 2012. Sir Stelios declared himself â€Å"a lot happier† with the carriers shift to a more modest growth strategy† and insisted it was more resilient than that of Ryanair, which cancelled a large order with Boeing in 2009, though it will continue to receive aircraft from previous orders for several years to come†.then he changed his mind and resign from the board on may 2010 and again start his backward, too much over speed of   growth plan(capa 2010) Easy-jet influence by management competencies: No stability management in easyjet due to the action of sir stellos .management changes four year who worked hardly to develop the company Andy Harrison punished by sir stellos who has more share in the company. Sir stellos concentrated on account department he changed account management people. The shake-up will result in all three of the companys top jobs changing within the space of a year, following the departure in May of Jeff Carr, Easyjets chief financial officer(uk.yahoo,2009) .(abtn 2009) http://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/easyjet-unveils-management-shake-up-ftimes-9106396619e0.html Rrapid management change create the conflict between management and employee External environment: Global influence: (Richard L. D,aft 1997 ) explaning that No company out-of-the-way from global influence. All international company influenced by global governing body. OPECs (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) set prices of oil and gasoline. OPECs globally influencing the airline industry.(tucker l,2008) CAA (Civil Aviation Authority) and IATA (International Air Transport Association) those bodies regulating the airline industry all over world. BAA is a leading airport monopoly company. We own six airports in the UK including the largest, London Heathrow, and we have interests in a number of others overseas. IATA and CAA fixing or reviewing price fare the airlines(price regulation). EasyJet Claims that   (CAA)Regulator Favoured BAA Over Fees and supporting monopoly company(gardian,2009 pg 28) Global warming: Global warming refers to the documented historical warming of the Earths surface based upon worldwide temperature records that have been maintained by humans since the 1880s.Its Is the combined result of Anthropogenic (Human-Caused) emissions of greenhouse gases and solar irradiance in exchange According To The World Meteorological Organization (WMO), The Decade Of The 2000s (2000-2009) Is the warmest one record. The global mean surface temperature for 2009 IS Currently Estimated at 0.44  ° C/0.79  ° F above-the 1961-1990 Annual average of 14.00  ° F C/57.20 (Ecoearth3009), Volcanic ash cloud: Global warming may prompt more hazardous geological events such as volcanoes, earthquakes and landslides, scientists have warned- Prof McGuire (telegraph3010) acid rain: volcanic explosion can change the Earths climate both for short periods and long periods. Volcanoes that release large amounts of sulfur compounds as sulfur oxide or sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere more strongly than those that eject just dust. The sulfur compounds are gases that rise easily into the stratosphere. Once there, they combine with water (limited) available to form a mist of fine droplets of sulfuric acid (volcanoes 2010) Andy Harrison said that â€Å"Easy Jet is planning to cut CO2 emissions by 50% by 2015.The aviation industry have an excellent record in reducing the environmental footprint of aircraft. Todays aircraft are typically 70% cleaner and 75% quieter than their 1960s counterparts. Now we are planning the next generation that will help towards taking the plane out of the emissions equation. Easy Jet is already setting the environmental standard in the airline industry. Our fleet of 131 aircraft has an average age of only 2.3 years the youngest of any major airline in Europe. We have recently called for over 700 of the dirtiest aircraft to be banned from Europes skies† (ecojet2010) Ash cloud crisis: Andy Harrison gave Q3-IMS-2010-Analyst-presentation-final report saying that how global warming affected the easyjet limited. Significant impact on results from volcanic ash 7,000 flights cancelled impacting one million passengers Estimated cost and lost contribution  £65 million Future challenges on 21st century: Drucker p., (2007) observe that In the middle of 19th century they exposed to many radical changes as we compare to this transition period. As during world warII many structural changes have been occured,then here comes the second industrial revolution started. According to Drucker argumentation, the future is not soo far because for the formation of business strategy there are five social and political certaintiesThe collapse of the birthrate in the developed world, changes in the distribution of disposable income and a redefinition of corporate performance, international competitiveness and the rising conflict between economic and political reality.Then he looks at the leadership requirements, the characteristics of information revolution,   Productivity of knowledge worker and finally their responsibilities in the system management. 1. Rivals for EasyJet now airberlin grown as a competitor in eroupe region looking share price movement on 3rd November 2010(capa2010a). The Challenge Facing (mccall) tougher has-been made by exchange at Ryanair CEO Michael OLeary WHERE IS planning a move to larger Airports near city centers, scrapping A Strategy is based Solely less-costly, out-of-town airports (businessweek2010) 2. Stability management competence frame in EasyJet. * â€Å"McCall will also want more boardroom stability following a spate of resignations. Chairman Colin Chandler and Finance Director Jeff Carr resigned in 2009, Stelios and his nominee Bob Rothenberg stepped down in May and Cor Vrieswijk, the operations chief, quit two weeks ago after just 3 1/2 years at the company† (businessweek,2010) * There is a some money changes in management last two years. 3. Globalization impact: The impact of globalization will lead to make a major challenge strategically to culture and language in the environment   business 4. Managing Across borders: The main creteria of an organisation is to survive in the 21st century and to succeed the workforce in business environment. 5. Revolution of Information Technology: The usage of internet, e-commerce and wireless are supported by a new world of infrastructure. 6. Security issues and increase demand for knowledge worker in an oranizations. 7. Leadership Challenges â€Å"Generational leadership managing an older workforce, as well as the digital generation Sustainability Defending todays environment and addressing consumers needs The developing world responding to a changing economy Diversity leading a workforce comprising ethnic minorities, mature workers, etc Globalisation managing an extended workforce, and social responsibility.† Organizations facing rapid change, unprecedented global competition, unpredictability and the constant threat of acquisition. At the same time, it is becoming increasingly aware of corporate social responsibility and global sustainability challenges in the broad sense. The 21st century is one in which we will need a servant leaders more than ever. It is difficult, fascinating and full of possibilities. If organizations are to thrive and survive, they must innovate. They need all the energy and creativity of their people. This requires a revolution in culture in the workplace the workplace that limit, deter the poor and those that release energy, enterprise and spirit. They also need to be led by world citizens. The best people want to work for ethical organizations that meet the needs of society and avoid prejudice. Sustainability focus on environment, charity corporate and social safety in EasyJet: Environment: Easyjet is giving high priority for environment safety. To be environmentally efficient in the air and on the ground as well. To lead shapes a greener future for aviation. Charity: EasyJet supports a charity of the year. The airline gives a corporate donation and provides access to staff and passengers to raise funds, and promotes the charity through brand awareness. Following a Europe-wide staff vote, EasyJet is proud to announce that our current ‘charity of the year is the Alzheimers Society. Corporate and social Safety: Safety is our first priority for both customers and staffs. Easyjet aims to provide its customers with safe, good value, point to point air services and believes in the goal of excellence of achievement in all its activities. Easyjet sees starving for excellence in environmental, social and ethical activities as a key behaviour for a successful and sustainable business Recommendation: Entrepreneur: the person who has great vision with innovation with optimistic personality. An entrepreneur is a person in charge of creating value, not only for him, but also for his investors, clients and for the society Entrepreneurship: entrepreneurship, which is defined as the pursuit of opportunities, acquisition of resources, construction of a team and discovery of markets adapted to offer the specific product (Dr.Zacharakis A,2009) Why it is important for Entrepreneurship: Its very important for global entrepreneurship to monitor the projects over all. Loyalty to customer, employee and government also paying right tax. To compete and set the goals to meet the globalization competitor To develop a acquire company. Bell et al.,(1998) state that organic growth and acquisition are good tool to make organization successful in internationally with entrepreneurship skill of management. Strategy: 1 Diversification strategy: Pils F (2009) discussing about Diversification, impact of diversification, advantage of diversification .diversification for company is a form of corporate strategy . It aims to increase profitability through higher sales volume resulting from new products and new markets. Diversification can take place either at the business unit or enterprise level. At the business unit, it is more likely to develop into a new segment of an industry where the company is already at the firm level, very interesting to enter a promising venture outside the scope of Business Unit. Sir stellios have been insisting about future of fleet expansion. When the fleet and the route to increase, we have more customers in the summer (six months) and festivals time, remaining six months, flights are in the ground(Businessweek2010). My opinion sir stellios has matured person in airline industry and also stellos Haji-Ioannou is a member of the New Enterprise, a group established to advise the Conservative Party on business policy (market watch3007). He is not against strategy of the company but against fleet expansion (capa2010) .so McCall can go for other sector diversification expect fleet. She has to considered about rivals also, when rivals increasing the fleet and route, mccall also has go for it. Otherwise she cant compete with her rivals .now easy jet share growing. Now main rival of EasyJet is ryanair share reduced in Europe.(capa2010a). Good news for easyjet: 1. Ryan air, the second airline in the United Kingdom, announced its intention to reduce the ability of winter in the UK by 16% compared to November of 2010, outlining the decision will result in the loss of over 2 million Passengers at airports across the UK during the winter of 2010 on a year-on year basis. (capa2010b). 2. New deal with sir stellos brand licensing ,easy brand not for flight,easyjet can use ther purpose aswell. new deal creates a lot opportunity for new ceo Carolyn mccall .she can go for cobranding, removing ancillary revenues(the so called 75:25 rule), â€Å"freedom for easyJet to lease-in non easyJet-branded aircraft to meet operational requirements within annual limits without the need for easyJet Group consent†,new product and new services.(capa2010c). Strategy 2: According to Sun Tzu art of war: â€Å"If your enemy is secure at all points, be prepared for him. If he is in superior strength, evade him. If your opponent is temperamental, seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant.† Strategy: 2 divided boards strategy. Its not a best strategy not when the dissenter controls nearly 40% of the voting stock (capa2010) Sir Stelios is used to make his way. He now argues for drawing on growth. In some ways it may be perfectly justified in seeking to improve his win by EasyJet, a company that has not paid any dividends money although it has generated considerable revenue from the IPO, as well as royalty payments. In this regard, his argument against the expansion only up batteries if a more static fleet would turn into immediate dividends and will continue to provide under Sir Stelios strategy slow growth. He probably did his homework, he believes (and other shareholders) would be the winners, if not in the long term, at least in the coming months. However, so far it seems to be still in the minority, as the company continues to occur. If following a public campaign as now seems likely it will surely be disruptive. A public war is not what every company needs. The company is difficult enough as it is. The board of directors and chief executive officer of the airline however insist that the growth agenda had been agreed before Stelios commonly alleged change tack probably because of the difficult situation. The Chairman, Sir Michael Rake, in a letter to shareholders on 18-May-2010, said: â€Å"The Board is both surprised and disappointed to find itself in a public debate over strategy as Sir Stelios and I had agreed principles of engagement in May 2009 specifically to avoid such situations. In the view of the Board there are simply no grounds for a dispute.† New CEO insisting Easyjet never paid dividend. Stelios rising question our rivals paying the dividend, why cant we do that? (Business week, 2010)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strategy 3: (osama el kadi 2008) strategizing using sun tzu art war. About stunning growth : strategizing the easyjet pocess of negotions,sales and innovations.easy can develop the company international level with most sucessful.   Strategizing Wynn Ellis said that† EasyJet still has capacity to enlarge capacity 5 percent to 10 percent a year, an analyst at Numis Securities in London with a hold recommendation on the stock.McCall needs to weigh the interests of all shareholders in making her decisions and be prepared to stand up to Stelios if necessary. The U.K. market may be relatively mature but there are opportunities in overseas markets.† (Business week, 2010)   Easy jet share growing well in Europe (capa2010a).easyJet shares were up 1.3%, while airberlin was up 1.2%. Ryanair shares lost 0.4%, with the carrier reporting strong traffic growth. Aer Lingus shares dropped 1.3%.So mccall strategizing the company to make stunning growth   using this method. Conclusion: After resovling the dispute of brand licencing with sir stellos ,carolyn mccall got more support from shareholder; because the deal creates more corporate-governance flexibility in EasyJet decision making in future. She got bit releaxed achieveing deal with founder easy jet .now she has to concentrate set up the managemtment competence framework. If she follow servent leadership at this present.she can resolve all the conflict in organization easily get the way to obtain new corporate strategy to achive vision with orgnational people.as I discussed in recommendation she can choose any one the strategy or both. My opinion she can go for diverfication and strategizing.because she is has strong negotion power(Sun Tzu: â€Å"The ultimate art of war is to restrain the opponent without fighting.†), sales techniquie (I can see her ability from gmg grop development , her vission and care about sustainability(gardian,2010)) and innovation. finally:mccall has to have answer for this que stion, what makes a business functioning in this sector victorious? While deciding diversification.

Women and Social Change in Harper Lee

Heaper Lee's ‘To Kill A Mockingbird' was first published in the sass's which was an era famous for radical change in the United States both culturally and politically as bit by bit both women and African Americans were gaining power In a society predominantly governed by rich, white men. ‘To Kill A Mockingbird' can almost be regarded as a form of propaganda In favor of women's rights as well as those of the African American community. Although things were changing, Harper Lee still needed to be careful as to how she got her message across.Cleverly, she manages to get way with the things she says, using the medium of fictional characters, such as Miss Maude or California, and more Importantly Innocent children, for example Scout, In order to give the novel a sense of realism however, there are many characters who do not advocate this type of social change such as the Lowell family or, In some aspects, Aunt Alexandra. In a sense, Scout is essentially the personification of the social change to come and a model society.Her naivety due mostly to her youth enables her to interact with the community without prejudice. When Gem recounts to Scout what he thinks about the efferent social classes in Macomb, discriminating between ‘regular' people and the Negroes', Scout responds with, â€Å"Ana, Gem, I think there's Just one kind of folks. Folks. † Although neither she nor Gem realism it this is a deeply profound quote because in it's simplest form she is saying that everybody is equal.Although brushed off by most adults in ;To Kill A Mockingbird' as immaturity, Scout's thoughts could be viewed as a form of maturity because, unlike many key members of the community, she does not worry about inconsequential and superficial matters such as sex or race but connives their attitude and their character. Scout also has a very inquisitive mind and unlike most children her age, she does not simply blindly agree with tradition, she questions everything she is told and everything she does.It is likely that a lot of these qualities come from the role models in her life including Miss Maude and California. When it comes to being a role model for Scout and Gem, Miss Maude Is the perfect woman to look up to. More importantly for Scout because as she lost her mother, she needs a positive female in her life to aspire to. Miss Maude Is Gem and Scout's favorite adult among the community because she treats everyone she meets with respect unless they give her a reason not to.This respect extends even to children and members of the black community. She explains to Scout what Attic's meant when he said it was a sin to kill a mockingbird, â€Å"Mockingbirds don't do one thing but make music for us to enjoy†¦ That's why It Is a sin to kill a mockingbird†. She Is very alike to Attic's and holds similar principles and views on how society should be. In developing the mockingbird metaphor, she helps Scout to learn about what Is eight and w hat Is wrong. With the loss of their mother at a young age, It Is up to discipline the children.She is especially important for Scout because, being a girl, she needs a female role model to look up to and emulate. With Attic's being particularly laid back it is California who reprimands the children when they do wrong. She provides discipline and support for Scout which are both important aspects of a child's life. In the book Scout describes California showing affection towards her; ‘California bent down and kissed me. I ran along, wondering what had come over her'. This exemplifies the love California offers the children as well as all the discipline even if Scout fails to recognize it.It is also important that the children experience the African American culture in order to fully understand who these people are and the injustice they have been through. With this in mind, California takes Scout and Gem to her church on what could be represented as an educational trip. Cal ta kes them there to show them first hand what the black community is really like in Macomb as oppose to the negative stories and rumors the children have probably heard from their friends. Another important influence in Scout's life and on the community is Aunt Alexandra.However, her effect on Scout's life can be regarded as slightly negative as her social standpoint and beliefs are almost completely opposite as to those of which Attic's shares with Miss Maude. Aunt Alexandra is a fiercely traditional and family orientated. She represents Macomb's conservative society which is based strongly around an unjust social hierarchy. Her traditional views often lead to arguments between her and Scout. For instance when Scout asks Aunt Alexandra why she wont allow her to go and play with Walter she replies eternal, â€Å"Because-?he-?is-?trash, that's why you can't play with him.I'll not have you around him, picking up his habits and learning Lord-knows-what†. She is so caught up in the superficial image of her family that she won't even let children of two separate social classes play together. This causes Scout to dislike her Aunt as throughout her entire life she had been taught by Attic's and her other female role models to respect everyone and treat them as equals. Although often forgotten about in history, women play an increasingly important role in all our lives.Although any of Macomb community's women choose to abstain from making an impact on society a small few such as Miss Maude decide to make a difference. They do this by influencing the future generations and educating them so as to enable them to do more in life. There are many people in Macomb that influence society but in particular that influence Scout. Some positively and some negatively. Each person contributes to her wealth of knowledge, however, in the end, it is up to Scout and the rest of her generation to form their own opinion and change society and the way things are for women.

The Ethnic Conflicts

Recent changes in American society have resulted in increasing number of minority students enrolling in colleges and universities. Differing views among these ethnic groups can sometimes cause conflicts for students of all races (Cozic 249). Some argue that students and universities benefit from these ethnic conflicts. Same time others believe that increasing racial diversity in American colleges and university has led to a decrease in the quality of education. People who support multiculturalism in universities believe that â€Å"students who can resolve conflict in racially diverse universities will be better prepared to succeed than students at universities that are more homogeneous†(Cozic 249). Conflict is expected, perhaps even healthy, in a social situation where people have different interests and compete for scarce resources (Duster 251). Some American schools are racially integrated, so â€Å"it is not surprising that students experience shock and tension when they arrive at their first experience of multiculturalism†(251). But shocks like this maybe a good preparation for future life. According to Duster, nowadays students are â€Å"far more competent, far more eligible, far more prepared than when this [Berkley] was an all-white university in 1950†³(252). Back in 1960s , when the campus was mainly white, almost every eligible student who applied to Berkley was admitted (252). But â€Å"when the United States changed its immigration laws in the 1970s, well-qualified candidates from China, Hong Kong, and Korea swelled the pool of applicants†(252). Suddenly, not everyone who was eligible could get in (252). The increasing number of minorities applying to universities created â€Å"increasingly ferocious competition at the same-sized admissions gate†(252). The media, so far has chosen to emphasize the beleaguered white student who has to adjust to affirmative action (252). Isn†t it a shame, stories imply, that these students are feeling uncomfortable in an environment that used to be their university (252). It isn†t theirs anymore (252). Since the demographics of the United States are changing at a fast rate, â€Å"shouldn†t the university population and curriculum reflect more of this new reality? â€Å"(252 – 53). Meanwhile, the quality of students at universities is only getting better. Duster implies that affirmative action exists because, â€Å"over the past two hundred years, blacks and Latinos have had a difficult time entering higher education, and that legacy hasn†t gone away†(253). There are economic barriers that restrict access to college for minorities. And these barriers aren†t disappearing. The smartest among them [Berkley students] also see that in a globalized economy, Berkley†s multiculturalism can make them better leaders†¦. (254). The opponents of cultural diversity believe that â€Å"affirmative action favors minorities whose average academic performance is unacceptably below university standards†(Cozic 257). D†Souza argues that the question is not whether universities should seek diversity but what kind of diversity. It seems that the primary form of diversity which universities should try to foster is diversity of mind (D†Souza 258). He says that â€Å"such diversity would enrich academic discourse, widen its parameters, multiply its objects of inquiry, and increase the probability of obscure and unlikely terrain being investigated†(258). According to D†Souza, the problem begins with a deep sense of embarrassment over the small number of minorities – blacks in particular – on campuses. University officials speak of themselves as more enlightened and progressive than the general population, so they feel guilty if the proportion of minorities at their institution is smaller than in surrounding society (259). As a consequence, universities agree to make herculean efforts to attract as many blacks, Hispanics, and other certified minorities as possible to their institutions (259). The number of minority applicants who would normally qualify for acceptance at selective universities is very small; therefore, in order to meet ambitious recruitment targets, affirmative action must entail fairly drastic compromises in admissions requirements (259). University leaders are willing to use unjust means to achieve their goal of equal representation, says D†Souza. For example, â€Å"the California legislature is considering measures to require all state colleges to accept black, Hispanic, white, and Asian students in proportion with their level in the population, regardless of disparity in academic preparation or qualifications among such groups† (259). Many selective universities are so famished for minority students that they will accept virtually anyone of the right color (260). For minority students, who struggled through high school, the courtship of selective universities comes as a welcome surprise. During their freshman year, many minority students discover that they are not prepared to the college work load and it is hard to keep up with another students. For minority students, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds, these problems are often complicated by a difficult personal adjustment to a new environment (261). University leaders have discovered how displaced and unsettled minority freshmen can be, and typically respond by setting up counseling services and remedial education programs intended to assure blacks and Hispanics that they do belong, and that they can â€Å"catch up† with other students (261). For many minority undergraduates the university†s quest for racial equality produces a conspicuous academic inequality (261). In the minds of minority students, affirmative action is not a cause of their academic difficulties, but an excuse for white racism which is the real source of their problems (263).

Saftey Officer Example

Saftey Officer Example Saftey Officer – Article Example Task David .W. Dodson in his book ‘Fire Department Incident Safety Officer’ gives the functions and attributes of effective Fire Department Incident Officers. He argues that an effective Incident Safety Officer should not only be able to meet the minimum requirements set out in the law, but also â€Å"they must be able to acquire additional skills and knowledge well past Fire Officer 1 level† (Dodson, 2007, p.79). This means that an effective Incident Safety Officer should have surpassed the minimum skill level in order to discharge his duties effectively. Besides their need to gain a basic understanding of what is around them and the risks involved, an Incident Safety Officer must have a general idea of the skills and information that are a mandatory requirement to be within his knowledge. Dodson, (2007, p.80) argues that it is the function of an effective Incident Safety Officer (ISO) to be, at a minimum, knowledgeable in the fields of building construction, ris k/benefit concepts, fire behavior, firefighter physiology, hazardous energy, and incident management systems. However, he maintains that the key skill is developed towards successful translation of the knowledge learnt into application devoid of constant supervision. This therefore means that upon mastery of the knowledge, the ISO has a function to carry out the mandated tasks with a ninety percent efficiency and effectiveness. This means that an ISO must be able to carry out his tasks with, â€Å"an analytical automation that is deeply connected with an appropriate action for the incident† (Dodson, 2007, p.79). This entails a succinct understanding of the fact that the acquisition of such knowledge must be accompanied by the effective application of such skills. It is this skill and knowledge that enables an ISO to recognize the potential of an incident (Dodson, 2007, p.79). The combined knowledge of skill and a clear understanding of the skills required to neutralize an inc ident, and the development of an elevated awareness or common sense to deal with any incident as it raises forms the attributes of an effective Incident Safety Officer.ReferenceDodson, W.D. (2007). Fire Department Incident Safety Officer. New York, Delmar.

Why The North Won The Civil War Essays - American Civil War

Why The North Won The Civil War Essays - American Civil War Why The North Won The Civil War You Are Bound to Fail. Union officer William Tecumseh Sherman to a Southern friend: In all history, no nation of mere agriculturists ever made successful war against a nation of mechanics. . . .You are bound to fail (Catton, Glory Road 241) The American antebellum South, though steeped in pride and raised in military tradition, was to be no match for the burgeoning superiority of the rapidly developing North in the coming Civil War. The lack of emphasis on manufacturing and commercial interest, stemming from the Southern desire to preserve their traditional agrarian society, surrendered to the North their ability to function independently, much less to wage war. It was neither Northern troops nor generals that won the Civil War, rather Northern guns and industry. From the onset of war, the Union had obvious advantages. Quite simply, the North had large amounts of just about everything that the South did not, boasting

Appreciating Individual Differences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Appreciating Individual Differences - Essay Example After the incident, this person believes that he has lost the ability to resume his activities because of the illness and is scared of further injury if he undertakes any form of physical movement; and these beliefs are withholding him from even trying to walk or perform routine activities. His negative self-efficacy is causing himself to program for failure. This person must be given confidence by speaking, allowing him to take small steps with support on a regular basis till he is able to walk. This will improve his self-efficacy and help him resume his daily activities. 2. Explain the social learning model of self-management and compare and contrast high and low self-monitoring individuals and describe the resulting behaviors each may have. The social learning model focuses on brining about change in one’s behavior to suit the situation or external conditions that shape individual’s behavior. This model focuses on ability to control the external situations and human responsiveness to these situations in such a manner that desired goals are achieved by appropriating one’s behavior accordingly. Self-monitoring helps individuals observe their behavior and adapt to the situation.

Two short stories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Two short stories - Essay Example Hecker’s protagonist, Rosaura evokes empathy among readers. Certainly, the circumstances of her life and the situation around which the story revolves may be alien to the reader but by expressing Rosaura’s simplest dreams and pleasures, Hecker incites identification with her. The daughter of a maid who, despite her mother’s constant efforts to remind her of the limitations of her socio-economic status, looks upon those around her with simple innocence, Rosaura’s acceptance of others leads her to assume their reciprocal acceptance of her. From the outset of the party, however, not to mention the events which followed, it was evident that there was no such acceptance. The little girl with the bow, Luciana’s cousin, refuses to believe Rosaura’s claims of friendship with her cousin and throughout much of the party, she is treated as a helper, not s an invited guest. The fact that she does not see this bit, instead, takes pride in being treated th at way, believing it a testament to the closeness of her relationship with the family, Rosaura’s innocence evokes our empathy because, suddenly, her experiences become ours and her naivety or gullibility become ours. Readers do not just sympathize with Rosaura but they empathize with her, feel her excitement throughout the party and, eventually feel her hurt and humiliation. Ironically, even as readers empathize with Rosaura, they sympathize with the story’s supposed protagonist, Senora Inà ©s. Possibly, this is largely die to the fact that Senora Inà ©s meant no harm and indeed, definitely did not intend to hurt Rosaura. Certainly, she did not treat her as an invited guest and singled her out throughout much of the party but she did not do so out of malice but under her assumption that this was the norm – after all Rosaura was the maid’s daughter. At the end of the

Mis-wanting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mis-wanting - Assignment Example The market for weight loss programs, skinny diets and slimming pills is so huge that you can easily purchase anything that can help you lose those extra pounds at almost everywhere. Because of this brainwashing, most women are convinced that they will be completely happy if they will look like those model-like figures on TV and would even venture with non-healthy regimens to attain this. However, most of the people I know who underwent the same dilemma during their teens soon realized that they can still be happy even if they are fat. Some were even unsatisfied with their lives after reaching their target weight. According to Gilbert & Wilson, â€Å"We may misconstrue events, misunderstand ourselves misinterpret our feelings – and any of these mistakes can be a cause of miswanting.† (p. 194). And so we must take into consideration that true happiness and satisfaction can be achieved by simply having the things that will holistically improve our sense of self-worth and c ontentment. What we want to become in the future might not necessarily bring us bliss thus we should be grateful of whatever fate gives us and try to find light in every

Transition to adulthood Essay Example for Free

Transition to adulthood Essay This article was full of information in the transition to adulthood. It begins with a history of becoming an adult. This article takes you through comparisons of the statistics from the past to now. This article gives you an idea on the difference between race and ethnic backgrounds. It also provides support for its findings. What I found interesting in this article is that back in the day, which young people viewed adulthood as a requirement at an early age. Nowadays young people are taking a lot longer to transition to adulthood, they are completing college and finding careers, I think is a great thing. Children need to focus on their education and the opposite sex. I think it is important for young men and women to have a plan of action about where their life is headed. I think today we are more thinkers then doers, I think we are looking into the long-term affect more now. This also gave me statics on when the kids become independent, the past versus present, male, female, and race. I choose this article because I have a step son in the military; this article gave me ideas on how fast they are required to step into adulthood. It was interesting to discover the difference between the age groups, races and what programs they are involved in. If I had to write a research paper this would be the article I would use. This is an interesting topic that I think I could take further. After reviewing this article I feel this is a creditable source, it has supporting facts and documentation to back up its findings, reads well the flow is right. This was definitely a very informative piece of work and you can tell the author spent their time and effort on this as well.

Mental Endurance in Endurance Shackletons Incredible Voyage Essay

Mental Endurance in Alfred Lansing's Endurance Shackleton's Incredible Voyage In Endurance Shackleton's Incredible Voyage, Alfred Lansing recounts the tale of one of the greatest successes of the Twentieth Century. Ironically, Lansing's detailed account of the 1915 Trans-Antarctic Expedition illuminates the stark reality that Sir Ernest Shackleton's expedition did not fulfill its goal. In fact, the expedition never even set foot upon the continent that they had intended to cross. The outstanding success of that motley crew of adventurers was in their ability to endure the harsh Antarctic climate. Despite having their ship crushed by an ice cap, spending the dark Antarctic winter hopelessly alone, suffering through a stormy voyage in an open dingy, and stumbling blindly across an uncharted island, Shackleton and his men persisted in their quest to survive. Truly, Shackleton set an outstanding example of never giving up. Although it may first appear that Shackleton's greatest perseverance resided in his stamina to endure the harsh marching and sailing that it took to lead his men back to safety, this physical strength was only a small part of the real endurance. No, it was not even in dealing with the chaffing absence of any substitute for toilet paper that Shackleton manifested his endurance, but it was prevalent in his underlying attitude. Endurance is more than just taking the next grueling step; it is maintaining a belief that all efforts3/4 whether they are physical or mental3/4 can improve the future. This incessantly positive attitude is the very foundation of stamina because when there is a will, a sense of self-worth, or a shard of hope, the body and mind will find a way. In addition, a positive attitude will unit... ...A life filled with love for humans who are equal simply because they are human yields a fulfilling life despite the difficulty of it. Through believing that we can clear the next hurdle, humans can live together in a supportive community rather than a destructive band. There is no need to say that one person, one race, one nation is better than any other one because power mongers and hedonists rarely succeed in life. Through believing that the goal is accomplishable, humans can always take the next step towards this improved world. It is bizarre how a story about a crew in such a peculiar situation could be a blue print for the way to succeed in life in general. For the daunting goals as well as the insignificant ones, endurance of the mind is the key. Works Cited: Lansing, Alfred. Endurance: Shackleton's Incredible Voyage.Carroll and Graf: New York, 1986.

Final Reflection Essay

During week one, my initial definition of learning was listening to an instruction, studying and then rehearsing that information in my mind, or categorizing it in a way so I could remember most of what was taught in the course. The class has opened a new dimension for me in the learning process; from understanding how I process information to deciphering which learning processes I use in intentional learning or metacognition. Understanding my learning patterns form dynamic learning relationship is a key element to my view of how and why I process the learning experience, even relating it to every day life. Since discovering my learning patterns by administering the Learning Connections Inventory or LCI assessment, I have discovered my aptitude for using Sequence (20), Precision (23), Technical Reasoning (35) and Confluence (29) learning patterns. My â€Å"use first† patterns of Technical Reasoning and Confluence are now self-evident and shed light on why my career took the path it did, leading me to this point in life. Confronting each task as a Dynamic Learner, I subconsciously used my Technical Reasoning and Confluence learning patterns first and as needed used my Precision and Sequential learning patterns. Throughout my career in the Navy, Technical Reasoning was pronounced which led me to choosing a mechanical trade; then in the construction industry, using my hands as a carpenter to renew or erect buildings. Sequential and Precision patterns were used on an as needed basis when specific tasks required a structured approach like developing designs or repairing equipment. Throughout this course, different quizzes took Sequential learning to complete. I found it difficult to only use this pattern and my strong Technical Reasoning pattern was evident by my moving from question to question if I did not immediately know the answer; then going back to answer the questions I skipped using Precision learning pattern. Reading assignments were a struggle as well; I was accustomed to using Technical Reasoning, briefly reading through the chapter to pick out phrases I knew were important. The critical reading process drew me back to basics by redirecting my use of Sequence and Precision learning patterns to become the predominant patterns used. Sequence learning pattern was needed in the  completion of discussions; I needed to focus, not only on discussions but completing all my work and submitting it on time. Having high technical reasoning and confluence learning patterns are what shaped decisions and tendencies in this class; procrastinating and being late with assignments started early in the course. Learning how to â€Å"FIT† my patterns together is a new concept which was difficult to introduce not only in my college course but in my daily life as well. Forging, Intensifying or Tethering my learning patterns are a continual activity and now that I have begun to understand how to decode a task, it will enable me to recognize the learning patterns to use, strengthen and reduce. This course was extremely interesting to me; discovering the four different learning patterns, how they influence college coursework and my career path. I appreciated looking at the inter-working of how I learn and what I can do to enhance my learning capabilities. As the weeks went by, the on-line experience with Ashford University became easier to schedule; I used sequential and precision learning patterns to regulate my time, turning in assignments when they were due. In the past, on-line learning was tedious and difficult to manage. Ashford’s approach with an introductory course in personal learning is eye opening; understanding how and why I learn will carry over into future courses. The overall online college experience will be what I make of it. Interacting with instructors and peers is an aspect in my control. Challenging classes will be met with a different attitude and perspective, knowing the how’s and why’s of my learning patterns is key to being successful.

Functionalism: Sociology and Social Order

The functionalist model of how society works has many limitations and few strengths. ’’ Explain and also asses this view. By Sadhana sanba In the study of sociology, functionalist perspective is a view of society that focuses on the way various parts of society have functions and live in a ‘consensus’ that maintain the stability and social order of the whole. Functionalist model of how society works tends to focus to be an organized, stable, well integrated system , in which most members agree on basic values which is as called’ ‘value consensus’.However, functionalist theory alongside the other school of theories such as marrxism (conflict theory) and interactionism is criticized for having many limitsaitons of explaining thew social phenomenon of its working. Herbert spencer an early functionalist and later emile Durkheim compares the working of society to the organic analogy and the way a biological organisms works. Any organisms has a structure- that is , a set of inter-related components, such as head, limbs, a heart lungs and so on.Each of these parts has functions – that is a positive and need consequence for the whole system. In th3ee same way, spencer argued , a society has structure. Its inter-related parts are family, religion, values and norms, social elements and so on. Ideally,hence, each of these componenets also has a function that contributes to the overall stability of social system. However, the analogy has many . limmits. it is difficult for example to compare the way organisms grow to the way society grows and change. Is therea social equivalent to the DNA the genetic program present in every species?Does a society really have a series of complementary institution together to make the whole function smoothly to the mutual benefit of all? Although, Modern-structural-functionalism does not press the analogy between a society and an organism and has subsequently been much refined and modifi ed, however, the functionalist view of how society works still has few strength only Talcott Parson(1951) argues that any society has four functional needs or pre-requisites that need to be met for it to survive: these are adaptation ,goal attainment, integration and latency (AGIL).However , his model of society’s working has been havily criticized for being bland abd fruitless by the way arsons went about examining society. Parsons also tried to show how consensus based on shared values is essential to social order. He also concluded that the stratified system is crucial in mainting consensus in society which, in the other way, conflict theory of karl marx describes as ‘inequality’.Parsons and Durkheim evidently saw social inequality ‘stratification’ as a necessary and universal feature of society and that inequality could be mitigated by the prevalence of social mobility completely disregarding the fact that social inquality in a society is a key s ource of social conflict and dominancy. Also, the functional view of assuming the existence of a meritocratic society i. e, a society where everyone has a equal chance og achieving high social status and reward is not contextual.This kind of role and effects only works if many other features of society are ignored and even distorted.. here, Melvin Tumin (1953) argues that how and why are some social position assumed to be functionally more important than others ? Who decided and how ? The concept of ‘functional satisfication is value laden and deciding which postions are functionally more important than others cannot be done objectively for example the payment that the top football stars in the Uk and the earnings of the prime minister in the same country. The players ears six times mored than the political figure .Hence, society always cannot be induced by the material rewards and functional theory maybe dysfunctional and damaging it may generate conflict and antagonism betwe en social strata rather than furthering social integration to which Weberain view explains the dynamics of stratification in modern society with existence of conflicts between owners and workers creating white collar and blue collar workers. Functional view of creating social order an important model of society ,has been criticized for its limitation on the fact that it serves only the selfish ambitions of the rich and powerful.As Durkhein believes t hat society is in its essence its moral codes . The rules and order, the degree competitiveness between people and governmental conducts help to cement and build social order he called them the mechanical and organic principles of solidarity . The description of ‘mechanical solidarity and ‘organic solidarity’ provides insides about the basic way of forming social order in society which in face Max Weber argues is more applicable and impliable only in the industrial complex societies and is criticized by Marx for disre garding the poor , economically weak and ‘proletariat’ as in his words, society.Hence, the phenomenon of ‘collective conscience’ and ‘value consensus’ the functionalist theory implies in one way or other inherently conservative that is focused only on a particular social theme. It does not consider that order and conflict exist side by side and as Marx says is achieved through the domination by the few over the many, and that domination is possible because it reflects the economic circumstances of the groups which is constantly unstable as it is based on equality and continuing conflict of interest between those who own the means of production and who don’t.In the same way interactionist view of how society works emphasizes that members of societies are not just constrained in their everyday lives by moral codes or by economic relationships but that each individual are actors in each situation they negotiate or confront to which is also simplifiedly said ‘situational interaction’ Hence, functionlist perspective is limited with logical problem it embraces,if something in society is recurrent, functionlist say that it must be meeting a need.Functionalism lacks any real power to explain social change or changes. It leans heavily towards describing society in a stable condition and seems to emphasizes the status- quo: the media reflect all views, women are domestically oriented, marriages are happy, all individualist are ladened by values and norms that they internalize confining into it to create social order and so on.Functionalist risk the temptation of dismissing disruptive changes as dysfunctional, even if those changes are necessary, inevitable and beneficial in the long run However functionalist theory perspective is useful in explaining the functions or consequences, that a given element has in society which contribute the stability of the social system as a whole and hence, therefore, insights hum an beings of their existence and role in a society. Posted byingsamaat9:06 AM 1 comment: 1. BuzzerOctober 9, 2011 9:31 AM It really helped me a lot. ReplyDelete Add comment

The fastest growing jobs and industries through 2023

The fastest growing jobs and industries through 2023 Even in a good economy, with significant job growth and high employment, there are shifts that favor some industries over others. According to a recent Careerbuilder study, this means good news and bad news for the U.S. job scene between now and 2023. First, the bad news: middle-wage jobs (like customer service representatives, maintenance workers, construction workers, or truck drivers, for some examples) are not expected to keep pace with high-wage jobs (like nurses, accountants, and IT specialists) and low-wage jobs (like home health aides, retail sales, and receptionists), which are both poised for serious growth. The study identified 121 jobs that will decline in growth between 2018 and 2023, and 75 of those jobs were considered middle-wage.But now the good news: these high- and low-wage fields are about to experience significant growth, meaning millions of job openings- approximately 8 million by 2023. Let’s look at some of the industries in the study, divided by high-, mid-, and low-wage job types.Fastest growing jobs   Fast-Growing Occupations By Wage Category Jobs Added, 2018-2023 % Change, 2018-2023 Median Hourly Pay High-Wage Registered Nurses 255,047 8.39% $33.55 Software Developers, Applications 143,466 15.57% $48.49 Postsecondary Teachers 110,955 7.25% $33.53 Accountants and Auditors 86,079 6.02% $32.33 Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 83,187 12.60% $30.21 Computer User Support Specialists 54,044 7.48% $24.16 Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 43,625 8.58% $23.72 Middle-Wage Customer Service Representatives 120,673 4.21% $15.88 Medical Assistants 102,274 14.51% $15.62 Construction Laborers 92,182 6.56% $14.73 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 83,931 5.41% $18.08 Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 55,345 7.34% $21.56 Light Truck or Delivery Service Drivers 48,837 5.12% $15.04 Billing and Posting Clerks 44,283 8.59% $17.85 Low-Wage Home Health Aides 207,732 22.42% $11.17 Waiters and Waitresses 146 ,281 5.49% $10.01 Retail Salespersons 108,229 2.37% $11.29 Cooks, Restaurant 100,664 7.46% $12.06 Nursing Assistants 96,384 6.33% $13.23 Security Guards 61,964 5.12% $12.97 Receptionists and Information Clerks 69,461 6.29% $13.70Trends in hiring over the next 5 yearsIf you’re in a field that’s expected to decline, this news can be dismaying for your career outlook. However, it’s also a great time to take stock of your career goals and your near future, and decide whether you’re able to adapt your skills to be more industry-flexible, or whether you’d like to change careers altogether to maximize your job potential.HealthcareHealthcare is one of the fields that is exploding now, and is likely to continue growing at a very fast pace for the foreseeable future.The healthcare field is popular because with a growing population (especially one that skews older and more in need of medical care), the need will continue to grow. But healthcare is also one of the most innovative fields, with digital equipment and recordkeeping requiring ever more tech-literate employees.TechnologyAs everything becomes more technology-focused, more and more companies will need dedicated tech teams and services to provide the digital infrastructure necessary to do business. People with IT expertise and skills will find themselves in demand in many different fields and companies. Having a flexible skill set that’s technologically advanced can help guarantee a spot in the digital jobs boom over the next several years.Data AnalysisEverything comes down to data these days, from marketing and customer service to accounting and financial data. This is also an area where a strong set of analytical and problem-solving skills can be applied across different industries, in different roles.Basically, the professional future is flexibility- if you’re willing to develop future-facing skills to go along with your education and experience base.