Australian Politics essays

Australian Politics essays 1.A shift to a republic would be in Australia's best interests. There have been a series of debates on the actual future of the Australian state. On the one hand, there are some who suggest that Australia would have a better future as an independent and sovereign republic; on the other hand, the current status as part of the Commonwealth is considered to be a better option for the nation and the state. However, serious attempts have been made and discussions are underway for what would the government consider to be by 2020 the Australian state and an Australian head of state (BBC, 2008). In order to have a better assessment of this issue, there are several aspects to be taken into consideration which support the idea of an Australian republic and an Australian head of state rather than an overall monarchical rule. First, todays reality is one of independent and sovereign state, not one of former empires. As stated by the foreign Minister, a split from the British monarchy was inevitable. (BBC, 2008) It is not so much the mere fact that Australia is formally still entrenched in the remains of an empire which seized to exist decades ago. It is more the issue of modernity and of the role Australia came to play in the world in recent decades. In this sense, it is one of the most important countries in the Asia Pacific region and should therefore have a defining and sovereign head of state in order to allow the country to run its affairs independently from any outside force. Second, there is also the matter of the national identity worldwide. In this sense, there are voices suggesting that the Australian state, due to the fact that it has always been associated with the image of the British Empire does not have a national identity, one that could be constructed and built upon in the decades and centuries to come. More precisely, these voices suggest that the maintenance of the monarchical rule can da...

Fairest by Gail Carson Levine Notes Essays

Fairest by Gail Carson Levine Notes Essays Fairest by Gail Carson Levine Notes Paper Fairest by Gail Carson Levine Notes Paper In front of my face when guests arrived, foolish practice, because It raised curiosity and concealed little. This part reminded me of myself because I have stupid habits. Also, I felt sad that AZ would think that she would have to hide herself or feel ashamed about what she looked like. 87 She was our ruler now! Everyone in the room and those outside knelt and swore their loyalty. I knelt, too, and she swayed against my shoulder. How could she rule? She didnt know Oratory. How frightened and grief stricken Id be in her place. This makes me feel angry but sorrow because Vii wasnt fit to be the queen, she didnt know how to rule so it wasnt fair that the country was put In such bad hands. But, I feel bad for her because she was scared to have to rule the kingdom. Also, she didnt deserve the king because she didnt love him; she Just wanted him to love her. 9-100 In Amount, at the Featherbed Inn, Where I once lived, my mother rakes up the fire. My father wakes the cook, who cannot cook today. Cream curdles; milk sours; eggs break; onions rot. My father and my mother put down their forks. In his castle, the king swallows enough but air. His life has narrowed, but his thread winds on. Should the king come to Amount, eyes wide, legs hale, mouth full of words . .. Cakes would bake themselves, mares s hoe themselves, roads pave themselves. My mother would don her damask gown. And I would sing until the sun cheered and the inn dissolved in music. : This song shows me that AZ really cares about the king and hopes he gets teeter and about Amount, the Featherbed Inn, and her family because when she put them into her song not only did it express her love, but also her sorrow. Thought this makes me wonder if everyones song were somewhat like this or if Seas was one of a kind and how Queen lavas song went and the reactions of the people at the sing. 316 At the sing I sat next to Koori, with Coho slating at attention between us. King Oscar and VII entered. The king seated himself next to me and placed VII on his other side. I tightened my grip on Coirs hand. This shows me that the king had forgiven AZ and anted to show her that and that he would keep Vii under control. Also, when AZ grabbed Coirs hand that she knew he would protect her and she would be safe with him and she loved Koori. Title: Fairest Author: Gail Carson Levine I developed the habit of holding my hand in front of my face when guests arrived, foolish practice, because it raised curiosity and concealed little. This part reminded know how to rule so it wasnt fair that the country was put in such bad hands. But, I feel bad for her because she was scared to have to rule the kingdom. Also, she didnt serve the king because she didnt love him; she Just wanted him to love her. 99-100 king come to Amount, eyes wide, legs hale, mouth full of words Cakes would bake kind and how Queen Aviss song went and the reactions of the people at the sing. 316 At the sing I sat next to Koori, with Coho sitting at attention between us. King Oscar and Vii entered. The king seated himself next to me and placed Vii on his other side. I tightened my grip on Coirs hand. This shows me that the king had forgiven AZ and grabbed Coirs hand that she knew he would protect her and she would be safe with him and she loved Koori.

In what ways do legal responsibility and professional accountability Dissertation

In what ways do legal responsibility and professional accountability differ Be sure to cite current literature in response - Dissertation Example 134). Accountability is described by Daniels (2004) as the act of assuming responsibility for one’s actions, which is an important method to demonstrate commitment to quality client care, thus being accountable for their judgments, decisions, and actions (p. 287). The accountability of a nurse goes beyond the client, and includes the family, colleagues, and the public. Because of the field’s organization, a nurse’s accountability depends upon the hierarchical structure he or she belongs to and the situation itself. Although nursing standards are not law, they possess important legal significance (Springhouse Corporation, 2004, p. 33), thus rendering nurses legal responsibilities. For instance, when a nurse fails to act according to set standards and thus harm the patient, the nurse can be involved in a lawsuit. Once proven that there is neglect or malpractice on the side of the nurse, then he or she is charged according to law. Conclusion The nursing profession n ecessitates both accountability and responsibility, wherein being accountable equates being responsible for one’s actions, and responsibility is congruent to the rightful practice of nursing standards. The two are interrelated and affect each other.

Discuss the arguments justifying torture as a legitimate Essay

Discuss the arguments justifying torture as a legitimate counter-terror strategy and the implications of legitimizing state-sponsored programmes of torture - Essay Example The collective costs of terrorism include its destabilization of governments, civil societies, peace and security as well as its threat to socio-economic development of the affected zones and the entire global society; these collective costs also undermine the stability of human rights. Given that individuals are entitled to security as a fundamental human right and governments are obligated to assure the security of their citizenry, states around the world have consequently adopted significant measures to safeguard their nationals against the insecurity threat posed by terrorism (Piazza & Walsh 2010, p.407). Nonetheless, developments in the recent past including the pervasiveness of global terrorism and the fast changing nature and scope of terrorism have compelled governments to adopt stringent measures as counter-terrorism strategies, consequently undermining human rights and the rule of law (Foot 2007, p.489). Most if not all states are increasingly resorting to the use of tortur e and other ill-treatment as their counter-terrorism strategy while disregarding the legal institutional safeguards designed to prevent torture. Similarly, other states have undermined the global commitment to avoidance of torture and handed over terror suspects to the countries where they are highly susceptible to torture as well as other human rights abuses. The fight against global terrorism has been mired with both pro and anti-torture arguments all over the world, with the opponents of the use of torture as a counter-terrorism strategy claiming that such an approach is counterproductive since it undermines the rule of law, good governance and human rights. In that reservists have often argued that the war on terror should be tampered with respect for human rights as well as the rule of law respectively, through the establishment of counter-terrorism strategies that both

Federal Reserve and the Great Recession Research Paper

Federal Reserve and the Great Recession - Research Paper Example One of the major causes of the Great Recession was the bursting of the housing bubble. Being a regulator of the monetary system, the Federal Reserve could have seen a crisis coming. The major cause of the housing bubble bursting was that the Fed opted to expand their monetary policy; though the regulation was effectively done, this policy was a contributor to the problem. The Federal Reserve might have bowed to the pressure from the government to have the implementation of the housing policy be implemented. It happened that the dot-com crash was followed by a substantial increase in the printing press that resulted in an increase in the monetary base. Additionally, there was a great cut in the federal funds by Greenspan (from 5.6% in 2001 to 1% in 2003). These factors contributed to an increase in the housing among other investments that utilize huge amounts of capital. The Fed could have intervened at this point and develop a regulatory mechanism to prevent the situation from escala ting to the financial crisis and ultimately the Great Recession. The Federal Reserve failed to develop adequate measures that would deal with the insolvency. Two institutions at the center of the Great Recession, Lehman Brothers, and Washington Mutual became insolvent resulting in their collapse. The Fed made a miscalculated attempt to go ahead and support these institutions instead of giving them a chance to fail, the outcome would have been an increase in the amount of savings as well as investments.

Strategic business management and planning

Strategic business management and planning 1. Introduction: Easy jet is the leading cheapest flight service company in European Airline Companies. The mission of the company is â€Å"to offer Low cost airline service to the masses†. Easyjet was established by Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou   in 1995 .Easy jet is the fourth leading European airline, the UKs leading budget airline and one that contests the ‘number two LCC in Europe. Easyjet board had been disagreement of extension with his creator sir stellios since last two years (daily mail 2010). Newly joined(2010,July 14th ) chief executive Carolyn McCall with aid of easy jet chairman sir mike rake made a deal with brand licensing (daily mail 2010). She is very fresh for airline industry. Now I am going to critically evaluate how she is going to face future challenges ahead of her. Source: Map of the destination points www.easyjet.com 1. a) Strategy: in art of war book sun Tzu giving answer for what is strategy? A way of thinking; an aware and deliberate process; a concentrated implementation technique; the art of ensuring future success. According to Mintzberg H., (1994)† Strategy is a unified, comprehensive, and integrated plan and designed to ensure that the basic objectives of the enterprise are achieved†. A strategy or general plan of action might be formulated for broad, long-term, corporate goals and objectives, for more specific business unit goals and objectives. Easy jet believes that people make the difference. Its through the efforts of all our people to deliver our four strategic priorities such as Safety is our No.1 priority, Build Europes No.1 air transport network, Develop a winning customer proposition, Deliver low cost and maximise margins that we will realise our vision: to become the best low fares airline in the world.(Easyjet 2009) 1. b) Strategic Business planning: Strategic business planning serves to bridge the gap between development goals and planning for implementation of specific tactical measure. Internationalization: Welch and Luostarinen (1988), defined as ‘the process of increasing involvement in international markets. Internationalization and strategic management: Welch and Welch (1996) have tried to develop a longitudinal theoretical model to identify the interrelationships between the two flows of international business inquiry, that is,They give meaning of ‘strategic foundations (knowledge, skills and experience, networks, etc.) of the enterprise and its external environment, and identify planned and unplanned routes to internationalization, with networking important in both. They conclude by calling for ‘empirical studies that specifically focus on strategy and internationalization Process interconnections (Welch and Welch, 1996: 25). Bell et al (1998): Internationalization and Business Strategy EasyJet have influenced by both internal and external environment in any strong grow stage. Internal environment: decision-maker characteristics has more influence in easyjet. We can say particularly sir stellos founder of easyjet and who has 38% share in easyjet. He had been last two years dispute with easy jet board for expansion of easy jet. (Thisismoney,2010).he has no problem with strategy of easy jet. EasyJet announced that it had agreed to purchase the entire share capital of GB Airways from the Bland Group. The deal was worth  £103.5 million and was used to expand EasyJet operations at London Gatwick Airport (anna.euro,2007) Easyjet has grown internationally acquiring GB airways on 25 october 2007. Sir stellos not happy with board accounting policy. He didnt like approach of board single cash generating unit. He insisted to be a he macro-economic climate to benefit of all shareholder.(abtn 2009) â€Å"EasyJet had reached an agreement on the pace of growth with Sir Stelios after he had questioned the strategy. The LCC now plans to increase future capacity by 7.5% per annum, following yearly increases of 15% from 2005 to 2008 and will increase its fleet to 207 aircraft by 2012. Sir Stelios declared himself â€Å"a lot happier† with the carriers shift to a more modest growth strategy† and insisted it was more resilient than that of Ryanair, which cancelled a large order with Boeing in 2009, though it will continue to receive aircraft from previous orders for several years to come†.then he changed his mind and resign from the board on may 2010 and again start his backward, too much over speed of   growth plan(capa 2010) Easy-jet influence by management competencies: No stability management in easyjet due to the action of sir stellos .management changes four year who worked hardly to develop the company Andy Harrison punished by sir stellos who has more share in the company. Sir stellos concentrated on account department he changed account management people. The shake-up will result in all three of the companys top jobs changing within the space of a year, following the departure in May of Jeff Carr, Easyjets chief financial officer(uk.yahoo,2009) .(abtn 2009) http://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/easyjet-unveils-management-shake-up-ftimes-9106396619e0.html Rrapid management change create the conflict between management and employee External environment: Global influence: (Richard L. D,aft 1997 ) explaning that No company out-of-the-way from global influence. All international company influenced by global governing body. OPECs (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) set prices of oil and gasoline. OPECs globally influencing the airline industry.(tucker l,2008) CAA (Civil Aviation Authority) and IATA (International Air Transport Association) those bodies regulating the airline industry all over world. BAA is a leading airport monopoly company. We own six airports in the UK including the largest, London Heathrow, and we have interests in a number of others overseas. IATA and CAA fixing or reviewing price fare the airlines(price regulation). EasyJet Claims that   (CAA)Regulator Favoured BAA Over Fees and supporting monopoly company(gardian,2009 pg 28) Global warming: Global warming refers to the documented historical warming of the Earths surface based upon worldwide temperature records that have been maintained by humans since the 1880s.Its Is the combined result of Anthropogenic (Human-Caused) emissions of greenhouse gases and solar irradiance in exchange According To The World Meteorological Organization (WMO), The Decade Of The 2000s (2000-2009) Is the warmest one record. The global mean surface temperature for 2009 IS Currently Estimated at 0.44  ° C/0.79  ° F above-the 1961-1990 Annual average of 14.00  ° F C/57.20 (Ecoearth3009), Volcanic ash cloud: Global warming may prompt more hazardous geological events such as volcanoes, earthquakes and landslides, scientists have warned- Prof McGuire (telegraph3010) acid rain: volcanic explosion can change the Earths climate both for short periods and long periods. Volcanoes that release large amounts of sulfur compounds as sulfur oxide or sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere more strongly than those that eject just dust. The sulfur compounds are gases that rise easily into the stratosphere. Once there, they combine with water (limited) available to form a mist of fine droplets of sulfuric acid (volcanoes 2010) Andy Harrison said that â€Å"Easy Jet is planning to cut CO2 emissions by 50% by 2015.The aviation industry have an excellent record in reducing the environmental footprint of aircraft. Todays aircraft are typically 70% cleaner and 75% quieter than their 1960s counterparts. Now we are planning the next generation that will help towards taking the plane out of the emissions equation. Easy Jet is already setting the environmental standard in the airline industry. Our fleet of 131 aircraft has an average age of only 2.3 years the youngest of any major airline in Europe. We have recently called for over 700 of the dirtiest aircraft to be banned from Europes skies† (ecojet2010) Ash cloud crisis: Andy Harrison gave Q3-IMS-2010-Analyst-presentation-final report saying that how global warming affected the easyjet limited. Significant impact on results from volcanic ash 7,000 flights cancelled impacting one million passengers Estimated cost and lost contribution  £65 million Future challenges on 21st century: Drucker p., (2007) observe that In the middle of 19th century they exposed to many radical changes as we compare to this transition period. As during world warII many structural changes have been occured,then here comes the second industrial revolution started. According to Drucker argumentation, the future is not soo far because for the formation of business strategy there are five social and political certaintiesThe collapse of the birthrate in the developed world, changes in the distribution of disposable income and a redefinition of corporate performance, international competitiveness and the rising conflict between economic and political reality.Then he looks at the leadership requirements, the characteristics of information revolution,   Productivity of knowledge worker and finally their responsibilities in the system management. 1. Rivals for EasyJet now airberlin grown as a competitor in eroupe region looking share price movement on 3rd November 2010(capa2010a). The Challenge Facing (mccall) tougher has-been made by exchange at Ryanair CEO Michael OLeary WHERE IS planning a move to larger Airports near city centers, scrapping A Strategy is based Solely less-costly, out-of-town airports (businessweek2010) 2. Stability management competence frame in EasyJet. * â€Å"McCall will also want more boardroom stability following a spate of resignations. Chairman Colin Chandler and Finance Director Jeff Carr resigned in 2009, Stelios and his nominee Bob Rothenberg stepped down in May and Cor Vrieswijk, the operations chief, quit two weeks ago after just 3 1/2 years at the company† (businessweek,2010) * There is a some money changes in management last two years. 3. Globalization impact: The impact of globalization will lead to make a major challenge strategically to culture and language in the environment   business 4. Managing Across borders: The main creteria of an organisation is to survive in the 21st century and to succeed the workforce in business environment. 5. Revolution of Information Technology: The usage of internet, e-commerce and wireless are supported by a new world of infrastructure. 6. Security issues and increase demand for knowledge worker in an oranizations. 7. Leadership Challenges â€Å"Generational leadership managing an older workforce, as well as the digital generation Sustainability Defending todays environment and addressing consumers needs The developing world responding to a changing economy Diversity leading a workforce comprising ethnic minorities, mature workers, etc Globalisation managing an extended workforce, and social responsibility.† Organizations facing rapid change, unprecedented global competition, unpredictability and the constant threat of acquisition. At the same time, it is becoming increasingly aware of corporate social responsibility and global sustainability challenges in the broad sense. The 21st century is one in which we will need a servant leaders more than ever. It is difficult, fascinating and full of possibilities. If organizations are to thrive and survive, they must innovate. They need all the energy and creativity of their people. This requires a revolution in culture in the workplace the workplace that limit, deter the poor and those that release energy, enterprise and spirit. They also need to be led by world citizens. The best people want to work for ethical organizations that meet the needs of society and avoid prejudice. Sustainability focus on environment, charity corporate and social safety in EasyJet: Environment: Easyjet is giving high priority for environment safety. To be environmentally efficient in the air and on the ground as well. To lead shapes a greener future for aviation. Charity: EasyJet supports a charity of the year. The airline gives a corporate donation and provides access to staff and passengers to raise funds, and promotes the charity through brand awareness. Following a Europe-wide staff vote, EasyJet is proud to announce that our current ‘charity of the year is the Alzheimers Society. Corporate and social Safety: Safety is our first priority for both customers and staffs. Easyjet aims to provide its customers with safe, good value, point to point air services and believes in the goal of excellence of achievement in all its activities. Easyjet sees starving for excellence in environmental, social and ethical activities as a key behaviour for a successful and sustainable business Recommendation: Entrepreneur: the person who has great vision with innovation with optimistic personality. An entrepreneur is a person in charge of creating value, not only for him, but also for his investors, clients and for the society Entrepreneurship: entrepreneurship, which is defined as the pursuit of opportunities, acquisition of resources, construction of a team and discovery of markets adapted to offer the specific product (Dr.Zacharakis A,2009) Why it is important for Entrepreneurship: Its very important for global entrepreneurship to monitor the projects over all. Loyalty to customer, employee and government also paying right tax. To compete and set the goals to meet the globalization competitor To develop a acquire company. Bell et al.,(1998) state that organic growth and acquisition are good tool to make organization successful in internationally with entrepreneurship skill of management. Strategy: 1 Diversification strategy: Pils F (2009) discussing about Diversification, impact of diversification, advantage of diversification .diversification for company is a form of corporate strategy . It aims to increase profitability through higher sales volume resulting from new products and new markets. Diversification can take place either at the business unit or enterprise level. At the business unit, it is more likely to develop into a new segment of an industry where the company is already at the firm level, very interesting to enter a promising venture outside the scope of Business Unit. Sir stellios have been insisting about future of fleet expansion. When the fleet and the route to increase, we have more customers in the summer (six months) and festivals time, remaining six months, flights are in the ground(Businessweek2010). My opinion sir stellios has matured person in airline industry and also stellos Haji-Ioannou is a member of the New Enterprise, a group established to advise the Conservative Party on business policy (market watch3007). He is not against strategy of the company but against fleet expansion (capa2010) .so McCall can go for other sector diversification expect fleet. She has to considered about rivals also, when rivals increasing the fleet and route, mccall also has go for it. Otherwise she cant compete with her rivals .now easy jet share growing. Now main rival of EasyJet is ryanair share reduced in Europe.(capa2010a). Good news for easyjet: 1. Ryan air, the second airline in the United Kingdom, announced its intention to reduce the ability of winter in the UK by 16% compared to November of 2010, outlining the decision will result in the loss of over 2 million Passengers at airports across the UK during the winter of 2010 on a year-on year basis. (capa2010b). 2. New deal with sir stellos brand licensing ,easy brand not for flight,easyjet can use ther purpose aswell. new deal creates a lot opportunity for new ceo Carolyn mccall .she can go for cobranding, removing ancillary revenues(the so called 75:25 rule), â€Å"freedom for easyJet to lease-in non easyJet-branded aircraft to meet operational requirements within annual limits without the need for easyJet Group consent†,new product and new services.(capa2010c). Strategy 2: According to Sun Tzu art of war: â€Å"If your enemy is secure at all points, be prepared for him. If he is in superior strength, evade him. If your opponent is temperamental, seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant.† Strategy: 2 divided boards strategy. Its not a best strategy not when the dissenter controls nearly 40% of the voting stock (capa2010) Sir Stelios is used to make his way. He now argues for drawing on growth. In some ways it may be perfectly justified in seeking to improve his win by EasyJet, a company that has not paid any dividends money although it has generated considerable revenue from the IPO, as well as royalty payments. In this regard, his argument against the expansion only up batteries if a more static fleet would turn into immediate dividends and will continue to provide under Sir Stelios strategy slow growth. He probably did his homework, he believes (and other shareholders) would be the winners, if not in the long term, at least in the coming months. However, so far it seems to be still in the minority, as the company continues to occur. If following a public campaign as now seems likely it will surely be disruptive. A public war is not what every company needs. The company is difficult enough as it is. The board of directors and chief executive officer of the airline however insist that the growth agenda had been agreed before Stelios commonly alleged change tack probably because of the difficult situation. The Chairman, Sir Michael Rake, in a letter to shareholders on 18-May-2010, said: â€Å"The Board is both surprised and disappointed to find itself in a public debate over strategy as Sir Stelios and I had agreed principles of engagement in May 2009 specifically to avoid such situations. In the view of the Board there are simply no grounds for a dispute.† New CEO insisting Easyjet never paid dividend. Stelios rising question our rivals paying the dividend, why cant we do that? (Business week, 2010)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strategy 3: (osama el kadi 2008) strategizing using sun tzu art war. About stunning growth : strategizing the easyjet pocess of negotions,sales and innovations.easy can develop the company international level with most sucessful.   Strategizing Wynn Ellis said that† EasyJet still has capacity to enlarge capacity 5 percent to 10 percent a year, an analyst at Numis Securities in London with a hold recommendation on the stock.McCall needs to weigh the interests of all shareholders in making her decisions and be prepared to stand up to Stelios if necessary. The U.K. market may be relatively mature but there are opportunities in overseas markets.† (Business week, 2010)   Easy jet share growing well in Europe (capa2010a).easyJet shares were up 1.3%, while airberlin was up 1.2%. Ryanair shares lost 0.4%, with the carrier reporting strong traffic growth. Aer Lingus shares dropped 1.3%.So mccall strategizing the company to make stunning growth   using this method. Conclusion: After resovling the dispute of brand licencing with sir stellos ,carolyn mccall got more support from shareholder; because the deal creates more corporate-governance flexibility in EasyJet decision making in future. She got bit releaxed achieveing deal with founder easy jet .now she has to concentrate set up the managemtment competence framework. If she follow servent leadership at this present.she can resolve all the conflict in organization easily get the way to obtain new corporate strategy to achive vision with orgnational people.as I discussed in recommendation she can choose any one the strategy or both. My opinion she can go for diverfication and strategizing.because she is has strong negotion power(Sun Tzu: â€Å"The ultimate art of war is to restrain the opponent without fighting.†), sales techniquie (I can see her ability from gmg grop development , her vission and care about sustainability(gardian,2010)) and innovation. finally:mccall has to have answer for this que stion, what makes a business functioning in this sector victorious? While deciding diversification.

Women and Social Change in Harper Lee

Heaper Lee's ‘To Kill A Mockingbird' was first published in the sass's which was an era famous for radical change in the United States both culturally and politically as bit by bit both women and African Americans were gaining power In a society predominantly governed by rich, white men. ‘To Kill A Mockingbird' can almost be regarded as a form of propaganda In favor of women's rights as well as those of the African American community. Although things were changing, Harper Lee still needed to be careful as to how she got her message across.Cleverly, she manages to get way with the things she says, using the medium of fictional characters, such as Miss Maude or California, and more Importantly Innocent children, for example Scout, In order to give the novel a sense of realism however, there are many characters who do not advocate this type of social change such as the Lowell family or, In some aspects, Aunt Alexandra. In a sense, Scout is essentially the personification of the social change to come and a model society.Her naivety due mostly to her youth enables her to interact with the community without prejudice. When Gem recounts to Scout what he thinks about the efferent social classes in Macomb, discriminating between ‘regular' people and the Negroes', Scout responds with, â€Å"Ana, Gem, I think there's Just one kind of folks. Folks. † Although neither she nor Gem realism it this is a deeply profound quote because in it's simplest form she is saying that everybody is equal.Although brushed off by most adults in ;To Kill A Mockingbird' as immaturity, Scout's thoughts could be viewed as a form of maturity because, unlike many key members of the community, she does not worry about inconsequential and superficial matters such as sex or race but connives their attitude and their character. Scout also has a very inquisitive mind and unlike most children her age, she does not simply blindly agree with tradition, she questions everything she is told and everything she does.It is likely that a lot of these qualities come from the role models in her life including Miss Maude and California. When it comes to being a role model for Scout and Gem, Miss Maude Is the perfect woman to look up to. More importantly for Scout because as she lost her mother, she needs a positive female in her life to aspire to. Miss Maude Is Gem and Scout's favorite adult among the community because she treats everyone she meets with respect unless they give her a reason not to.This respect extends even to children and members of the black community. She explains to Scout what Attic's meant when he said it was a sin to kill a mockingbird, â€Å"Mockingbirds don't do one thing but make music for us to enjoy†¦ That's why It Is a sin to kill a mockingbird†. She Is very alike to Attic's and holds similar principles and views on how society should be. In developing the mockingbird metaphor, she helps Scout to learn about what Is eight and w hat Is wrong. With the loss of their mother at a young age, It Is up to discipline the children.She is especially important for Scout because, being a girl, she needs a female role model to look up to and emulate. With Attic's being particularly laid back it is California who reprimands the children when they do wrong. She provides discipline and support for Scout which are both important aspects of a child's life. In the book Scout describes California showing affection towards her; ‘California bent down and kissed me. I ran along, wondering what had come over her'. This exemplifies the love California offers the children as well as all the discipline even if Scout fails to recognize it.It is also important that the children experience the African American culture in order to fully understand who these people are and the injustice they have been through. With this in mind, California takes Scout and Gem to her church on what could be represented as an educational trip. Cal ta kes them there to show them first hand what the black community is really like in Macomb as oppose to the negative stories and rumors the children have probably heard from their friends. Another important influence in Scout's life and on the community is Aunt Alexandra.However, her effect on Scout's life can be regarded as slightly negative as her social standpoint and beliefs are almost completely opposite as to those of which Attic's shares with Miss Maude. Aunt Alexandra is a fiercely traditional and family orientated. She represents Macomb's conservative society which is based strongly around an unjust social hierarchy. Her traditional views often lead to arguments between her and Scout. For instance when Scout asks Aunt Alexandra why she wont allow her to go and play with Walter she replies eternal, â€Å"Because-?he-?is-?trash, that's why you can't play with him.I'll not have you around him, picking up his habits and learning Lord-knows-what†. She is so caught up in the superficial image of her family that she won't even let children of two separate social classes play together. This causes Scout to dislike her Aunt as throughout her entire life she had been taught by Attic's and her other female role models to respect everyone and treat them as equals. Although often forgotten about in history, women play an increasingly important role in all our lives.Although any of Macomb community's women choose to abstain from making an impact on society a small few such as Miss Maude decide to make a difference. They do this by influencing the future generations and educating them so as to enable them to do more in life. There are many people in Macomb that influence society but in particular that influence Scout. Some positively and some negatively. Each person contributes to her wealth of knowledge, however, in the end, it is up to Scout and the rest of her generation to form their own opinion and change society and the way things are for women.

The Ethnic Conflicts

Recent changes in American society have resulted in increasing number of minority students enrolling in colleges and universities. Differing views among these ethnic groups can sometimes cause conflicts for students of all races (Cozic 249). Some argue that students and universities benefit from these ethnic conflicts. Same time others believe that increasing racial diversity in American colleges and university has led to a decrease in the quality of education. People who support multiculturalism in universities believe that â€Å"students who can resolve conflict in racially diverse universities will be better prepared to succeed than students at universities that are more homogeneous†(Cozic 249). Conflict is expected, perhaps even healthy, in a social situation where people have different interests and compete for scarce resources (Duster 251). Some American schools are racially integrated, so â€Å"it is not surprising that students experience shock and tension when they arrive at their first experience of multiculturalism†(251). But shocks like this maybe a good preparation for future life. According to Duster, nowadays students are â€Å"far more competent, far more eligible, far more prepared than when this [Berkley] was an all-white university in 1950†³(252). Back in 1960s , when the campus was mainly white, almost every eligible student who applied to Berkley was admitted (252). But â€Å"when the United States changed its immigration laws in the 1970s, well-qualified candidates from China, Hong Kong, and Korea swelled the pool of applicants†(252). Suddenly, not everyone who was eligible could get in (252). The increasing number of minorities applying to universities created â€Å"increasingly ferocious competition at the same-sized admissions gate†(252). The media, so far has chosen to emphasize the beleaguered white student who has to adjust to affirmative action (252). Isn†t it a shame, stories imply, that these students are feeling uncomfortable in an environment that used to be their university (252). It isn†t theirs anymore (252). Since the demographics of the United States are changing at a fast rate, â€Å"shouldn†t the university population and curriculum reflect more of this new reality? â€Å"(252 – 53). Meanwhile, the quality of students at universities is only getting better. Duster implies that affirmative action exists because, â€Å"over the past two hundred years, blacks and Latinos have had a difficult time entering higher education, and that legacy hasn†t gone away†(253). There are economic barriers that restrict access to college for minorities. And these barriers aren†t disappearing. The smartest among them [Berkley students] also see that in a globalized economy, Berkley†s multiculturalism can make them better leaders†¦. (254). The opponents of cultural diversity believe that â€Å"affirmative action favors minorities whose average academic performance is unacceptably below university standards†(Cozic 257). D†Souza argues that the question is not whether universities should seek diversity but what kind of diversity. It seems that the primary form of diversity which universities should try to foster is diversity of mind (D†Souza 258). He says that â€Å"such diversity would enrich academic discourse, widen its parameters, multiply its objects of inquiry, and increase the probability of obscure and unlikely terrain being investigated†(258). According to D†Souza, the problem begins with a deep sense of embarrassment over the small number of minorities – blacks in particular – on campuses. University officials speak of themselves as more enlightened and progressive than the general population, so they feel guilty if the proportion of minorities at their institution is smaller than in surrounding society (259). As a consequence, universities agree to make herculean efforts to attract as many blacks, Hispanics, and other certified minorities as possible to their institutions (259). The number of minority applicants who would normally qualify for acceptance at selective universities is very small; therefore, in order to meet ambitious recruitment targets, affirmative action must entail fairly drastic compromises in admissions requirements (259). University leaders are willing to use unjust means to achieve their goal of equal representation, says D†Souza. For example, â€Å"the California legislature is considering measures to require all state colleges to accept black, Hispanic, white, and Asian students in proportion with their level in the population, regardless of disparity in academic preparation or qualifications among such groups† (259). Many selective universities are so famished for minority students that they will accept virtually anyone of the right color (260). For minority students, who struggled through high school, the courtship of selective universities comes as a welcome surprise. During their freshman year, many minority students discover that they are not prepared to the college work load and it is hard to keep up with another students. For minority students, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds, these problems are often complicated by a difficult personal adjustment to a new environment (261). University leaders have discovered how displaced and unsettled minority freshmen can be, and typically respond by setting up counseling services and remedial education programs intended to assure blacks and Hispanics that they do belong, and that they can â€Å"catch up† with other students (261). For many minority undergraduates the university†s quest for racial equality produces a conspicuous academic inequality (261). In the minds of minority students, affirmative action is not a cause of their academic difficulties, but an excuse for white racism which is the real source of their problems (263).

Saftey Officer Example

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